Model
GraphCast (IFS init)
graphcast_ifs
source aiwp · product GRAP · initial conditions from IFS · steps every 6 h to 240 h · initializations 0, 12 UTC. Scores use the latest model version segment, GRAP_v100, starting 2026-01-01. Earlier days ran a different version of the model and are excluded rather than silently pooled into the same average.
Instantaneous temperature — MAE °F by stationt2
Scored against the observed 2 m temperature at the same instant (ASOS routine METAR). This is the headline variable: the same four instants on the forecast and the observation side. These pages are always bilinear interpolation, the headline method. The nearest-node variant, and every other window/initialization/interpolation/variable combination, is published on each permanent link below — follow any number.
| Station | d0 | d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | d5 | d6 | d7 | d8 | d9 | lead 1–9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KATL | 2.95−2.60 · n=256 | 3.21−2.78 · n=255 | 3.34−2.85 · n=254 | 3.51−2.96 · n=253 | 3.72−2.97 · n=252 | 4.09−2.92 · n=251 | 4.47−2.85 · n=249 | 4.87−2.94 · n=248 | 5.37−3.22 · n=247 | 5.93−2.88 · n=246 | |
| KAUS | 2.56−0.22 · n=256 | 2.76−0.45 · n=255 | 2.87−0.56 · n=254 | 3.04−0.55 · n=253 | 3.27−0.52 · n=252 | 3.69−0.47 · n=251 | 4.21−0.43 · n=249 | 4.79−0.74 · n=248 | 5.46−0.82 · n=247 | 5.83−0.95 · n=246 | |
| KBOS | 2.74−1.60 · n=243 | 2.91−1.63 · n=242 | 2.91−1.49 · n=241 | 3.10−1.38 · n=239 | 3.47−1.26 · n=240 | 4.08−1.23 · n=237 | 4.69−1.11 · n=235 | 5.20−1.25 · n=234 | 5.85−1.59 · n=233 | 6.60−1.90 · n=233 | |
| KDCA | 2.72−2.05 · n=256 | 2.99−2.21 · n=255 | 3.16−2.20 · n=254 | 3.34−2.14 · n=253 | 3.70−2.16 · n=252 | 4.36−2.13 · n=251 | 4.88−1.64 · n=249 | 5.17−1.74 · n=248 | 5.99−2.04 · n=247 | 6.68−1.92 · n=246 | |
| KDEN | 2.72−0.55 · n=256 | 2.96−0.90 · n=255 | 3.20−1.06 · n=254 | 3.41−1.00 · n=253 | 3.89−0.89 · n=252 | 4.79−0.87 · n=250 | 5.49−1.22 · n=249 | 6.61−1.65 · n=248 | 7.21−2.19 · n=247 | — | |
| KDFW | 1.94−1.14 · n=253 | 2.40−1.71 · n=252 | 2.79−2.03 · n=251 | 3.02−2.15 · n=250 | 3.30−2.17 · n=250 | 3.76−2.10 · n=248 | 4.32−2.24 · n=247 | 4.99−2.60 · n=246 | 6.06−2.47 · n=246 | 6.27−2.46 · n=244 | |
| KEWR | 2.89−2.43 · n=255 | 3.23−2.78 · n=254 | 3.31−2.72 · n=253 | 3.42−2.65 · n=252 | 3.77−2.67 · n=251 | 4.23−2.49 · n=250 | 4.71−2.23 · n=248 | 5.14−2.26 · n=247 | 6.03−2.60 · n=246 | 6.86−2.74 · n=245 | |
| KIAH | 2.12−1.05 · n=257 | 2.36−1.39 · n=256 | 2.52−1.56 · n=255 | 2.69−1.61 · n=254 | 2.97−1.76 · n=253 | 3.29−1.72 · n=252 | 3.71−1.64 · n=250 | 4.23−1.74 · n=249 | 4.59−1.84 · n=248 | 5.00−1.69 · n=247 | |
| KLAS | 3.02−2.62 · n=256 | 3.02−2.53 · n=255 | 3.00−2.45 · n=255 | 3.02−2.25 · n=254 | 3.22−2.17 · n=253 | 3.51−2.18 · n=251 | 3.97−2.32 · n=250 | 4.63−2.70 · n=249 | 5.33−3.04 · n=248 | — | |
| KLAX | 1.91−1.29 · n=257 | 2.08−1.47 · n=256 | 2.18−1.54 · n=255 | 2.26−1.54 · n=254 | 2.39−1.48 · n=253 | 2.63−1.50 · n=251 | 2.85−1.54 · n=250 | 3.08−1.63 · n=249 | 3.41−1.78 · n=248 | — | |
| KMIA | 1.99−1.38 · n=256 | 2.30−1.74 · n=254 | 2.44−1.81 · n=253 | 2.52−1.87 · n=252 | 2.65−1.94 · n=251 | 2.87−1.99 · n=250 | 3.04−2.05 · n=248 | 3.25−1.97 · n=248 | 3.40−1.92 · n=246 | 3.67−1.91 · n=245 | |
| KMSP | 2.82−2.30 · n=257 | 3.33−2.83 · n=256 | 3.59−2.86 · n=255 | 3.89−2.81 · n=254 | 4.03−2.65 · n=253 | 4.65−2.32 · n=252 | 5.29−2.54 · n=251 | 6.11−2.71 · n=250 | 7.00−2.41 · n=249 | 7.43−2.39 · n=248 | |
| KMSY | 1.95−0.47 · n=257 | 2.08−0.83 · n=256 | 2.20−0.97 · n=255 | 2.33−1.06 · n=254 | 2.55−1.23 · n=253 | 2.86−1.28 · n=252 | 3.14−1.22 · n=250 | 3.62−1.32 · n=249 | 3.93−1.35 · n=248 | 4.21−1.02 · n=247 | |
| KNYC | 2.61−1.56 · n=255 | 2.92−1.96 · n=254 | 3.03−1.89 · n=253 | 3.21−1.84 · n=252 | 3.50−1.87 · n=251 | 3.98−1.69 · n=250 | 4.58−1.47 · n=249 | 4.96−1.46 · n=248 | 5.83−1.74 · n=247 | 6.54−1.93 · n=247 | |
| KOKC | 2.68+0.48 · n=256 | 2.87−0.08 · n=255 | 3.12−0.39 · n=254 | 3.33−0.52 · n=253 | 3.73−0.68 · n=252 | 4.25−0.65 · n=251 | 5.05−0.97 · n=249 | 5.96−1.31 · n=248 | 6.87−1.07 · n=247 | 7.61−1.58 · n=246 | |
| KORD | 2.22−1.38 · n=257 | 2.58−1.66 · n=256 | 2.88−1.74 · n=255 | 3.14−1.70 · n=254 | 3.52−1.59 · n=253 | 4.24−1.45 · n=252 | 4.91−1.24 · n=250 | 5.83−1.69 · n=249 | 6.66−1.56 · n=248 | 7.31−1.60 · n=247 | |
| KPHL | 3.24−2.78 · n=257 | 3.37−2.86 · n=256 | 3.45−2.79 · n=255 | 3.61−2.71 · n=254 | 4.02−2.70 · n=253 | 4.42−2.55 · n=252 | 4.88−2.16 · n=250 | 5.34−2.16 · n=249 | 6.12−2.49 · n=248 | 6.80−2.49 · n=247 | |
| KPHX | 3.05−2.55 · n=257 | 3.38−2.73 · n=256 | 3.51−2.83 · n=255 | 3.60−2.79 · n=254 | 3.79−2.84 · n=253 | 4.01−2.87 · n=251 | 4.33−2.86 · n=250 | 4.85−3.10 · n=249 | 5.47−3.49 · n=248 | — | |
| KSAN | 2.46−1.60 · n=256 | 2.56−1.74 · n=255 | 2.62−1.79 · n=254 | 2.67−1.82 · n=253 | 2.77−1.82 · n=252 | 2.94−1.80 · n=250 | 3.05−1.75 · n=249 | 3.26−1.82 · n=248 | 3.48−1.90 · n=247 | — | |
| KSAT | 1.99−0.88 · n=257 | 2.17−1.08 · n=256 | 2.32−1.16 · n=255 | 2.49−1.16 · n=254 | 2.72−1.15 · n=253 | 3.12−1.11 · n=252 | 3.64−1.02 · n=251 | 4.21−1.28 · n=250 | 4.75−1.44 · n=249 | 5.05−1.59 · n=248 | |
| KSEA | 2.11−1.06 · n=257 | 2.26−1.26 · n=256 | 2.40−1.43 · n=255 | 2.51−1.31 · n=254 | 2.76−1.32 · n=253 | 2.96−1.42 · n=251 | 3.51−1.41 · n=250 | 3.90−1.45 · n=249 | 4.21−1.42 · n=248 | — | |
| KSFO | 2.14−1.31 · n=257 | 2.31−1.55 · n=256 | 2.50−1.79 · n=255 | 2.59−1.88 · n=254 | 2.74−2.01 · n=253 | 3.01−2.26 · n=251 | 3.28−2.45 · n=250 | 3.58−2.71 · n=249 | 3.85−2.76 · n=248 | — | |
| KTTN | 1.86+0.13 · n=252 | 2.01+0.09 · n=251 | 2.24+0.16 · n=250 | 2.46+0.26 · n=249 | 2.92+0.27 · n=248 | 3.50+0.47 · n=247 | 4.27+0.79 · n=245 | 4.86+0.74 · n=244 | 5.69+0.49 · n=243 | 6.62+0.34 · n=242 |
Up to 5 of the scored days in this table carry a QC flag on the observation (a CLI value that disagreed with the hourly observations, or a fallback source). They are kept in the scores and counted here rather than dropped — see methodology.
+ model too warm − model too cold bias interval includes zero ★ lowest MAE among ranked models (n ≥ 30) = not distinguishable from the leader ▼ worse than the leader ▲ better than the leader — all three Holm-corrected within this table, over the family of comparisons against the leader; the uncorrected verdict for every pair is published in the pairwise table of each permanent link and in pairwise_latest.csv.gzn < 30 greyed and unranked CI is a 95 % moving-block bootstrap interval on the group's own days, and reads — when it could not be computed skill reads — when fewer than 10 days are common to the model and the baseline: the ratio of two means over a handful of shared days is not a number worth printing
Sampled daily maximum — MAE °F by stationtmax_s
Scored against the maximum of the four *observed* samples on the same day.
| Station | d0 | d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | d5 | d6 | d7 | d8 | d9 | lead 1–9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KATL | 2.11−1.71 · n=256 | 2.42−1.99 · n=255 | 2.65−2.11 · n=254 | 3.04−2.31 · n=253 | 3.24−2.22 · n=252 | 3.65−2.03 · n=251 | 4.29−2.27 · n=249 | 4.87−2.46 · n=248 | 5.07−2.63 · n=247 | 5.91−2.46 · n=246 | |
| KAUS | 2.85−2.61 · n=256 | 3.33−3.02 · n=255 | 3.52−3.16 · n=254 | 3.69−3.17 · n=253 | 3.76−3.12 · n=252 | 4.12−3.21 · n=251 | 4.69−3.17 · n=249 | 5.26−3.43 · n=248 | 5.84−3.50 · n=247 | 6.01−3.64 · n=246 | |
| KBOS | 1.99+0.03 · n=243 | 2.18+0.10 · n=242 | 2.30+0.24 · n=241 | 2.69+0.39 · n=239 | 3.57+0.69 · n=240 | 4.35+0.68 · n=237 | 5.10+0.76 · n=235 | 6.04+0.61 · n=234 | 6.69+0.17 · n=233 | 7.06−0.08 · n=233 | |
| KDCA | 2.01−1.02 · n=256 | 2.35−1.25 · n=255 | 2.66−1.29 · n=254 | 2.83−1.11 · n=253 | 3.35−1.08 · n=252 | 3.98−0.93 · n=251 | 4.69−0.52 · n=249 | 5.29−0.51 · n=248 | 6.11−1.09 · n=247 | 6.54−1.24 · n=246 | |
| KDEN | 2.34−1.51 · n=256 | 2.71−1.87 · n=255 | 2.98−1.99 · n=254 | 3.14−1.93 · n=253 | 3.56−1.79 · n=252 | 4.83−1.78 · n=250 | 5.58−2.21 · n=249 | 7.22−2.78 · n=248 | 7.79−3.42 · n=247 | — | |
| KDFW | 2.27−2.00 · n=253 | 2.96−2.78 · n=252 | 3.43−3.16 · n=251 | 3.61−3.34 · n=250 | 3.82−3.28 · n=250 | 4.26−3.30 · n=248 | 4.77−3.53 · n=247 | 5.64−3.77 · n=246 | 6.38−3.72 · n=246 | 6.49−3.80 · n=244 | |
| KEWR | 2.41−1.76 · n=255 | 2.71−2.06 · n=254 | 2.83−1.94 · n=253 | 2.86−1.83 · n=252 | 3.44−1.84 · n=251 | 4.15−1.50 · n=250 | 4.70−1.29 · n=248 | 5.35−1.22 · n=247 | 6.32−1.72 · n=246 | 7.17−2.19 · n=245 | |
| KIAH | 2.05−1.42 · n=257 | 2.48−1.99 · n=256 | 2.70−2.09 · n=255 | 2.82−2.15 · n=254 | 3.13−2.37 · n=253 | 3.38−2.38 · n=252 | 3.77−2.28 · n=250 | 4.25−2.39 · n=249 | 4.52−2.43 · n=248 | 4.83−2.28 · n=247 | |
| KLAS | 3.09−2.98 · n=256 | 2.88−2.65 · n=255 | 2.87−2.54 · n=255 | 2.88−2.31 · n=254 | 3.23−2.28 · n=253 | 3.61−2.27 · n=251 | 4.27−2.59 · n=250 | 4.96−3.03 · n=249 | 5.78−3.39 · n=248 | — | |
| KLAX | 2.15−1.69 · n=257 | 2.34−1.81 · n=256 | 2.41−1.87 · n=255 | 2.57−1.87 · n=254 | 2.75−1.85 · n=253 | 3.06−1.94 · n=251 | 3.37−2.01 · n=250 | 3.57−2.14 · n=249 | 4.00−2.34 · n=248 | — | |
| KMIA | 1.64−0.83 · n=256 | 1.83−1.02 · n=254 | 2.02−1.05 · n=253 | 2.13−1.11 · n=252 | 2.26−1.25 · n=251 | 2.60−1.21 · n=250 | 2.91−1.38 · n=248 | 2.95−1.13 · n=248 | 3.13−0.93 · n=246 | 3.31−0.99 · n=245 | |
| KMSP | 2.75−2.39 · n=257 | 3.36−3.03 · n=256 | 3.57−3.00 · n=255 | 3.85−2.98 · n=254 | 4.19−2.85 · n=253 | 4.67−2.28 · n=252 | 5.60−2.61 · n=251 | 6.14−2.66 · n=250 | 6.93−2.56 · n=249 | 7.71−2.39 · n=248 | |
| KMSY | 1.87−1.37 · n=257 | 2.12−1.56 · n=256 | 2.21−1.64 · n=255 | 2.40−1.68 · n=254 | 2.71−1.97 · n=253 | 3.06−1.94 · n=252 | 3.35−2.05 · n=250 | 3.74−2.27 · n=249 | 4.18−2.26 · n=248 | 4.36−1.99 · n=247 | |
| KNYC | 1.70+0.15 · n=255 | 1.95−0.19 · n=254 | 2.12−0.11 · n=253 | 2.34−0.01 · n=252 | 2.88−0.02 · n=251 | 3.62+0.31 · n=250 | 4.24+0.46 · n=249 | 5.06+0.61 · n=248 | 5.89+0.15 · n=247 | 6.53−0.36 · n=247 | |
| KOKC | 2.37−1.43 · n=256 | 2.88−2.04 · n=255 | 3.31−2.51 · n=254 | 3.57−2.58 · n=253 | 3.86−2.72 · n=252 | 4.57−2.69 · n=251 | 5.25−3.25 · n=249 | 6.25−3.52 · n=248 | 7.07−3.31 · n=247 | 8.17−3.97 · n=246 | |
| KORD | 2.07−1.22 · n=257 | 2.41−1.51 · n=256 | 2.76−1.60 · n=255 | 3.01−1.57 · n=254 | 3.63−1.56 · n=253 | 4.31−1.51 · n=252 | 5.07−1.39 · n=250 | 6.10−1.82 · n=249 | 6.77−1.91 · n=248 | 7.41−2.09 · n=247 | |
| KPHL | 2.26−1.48 · n=257 | 2.53−1.63 · n=256 | 2.69−1.60 · n=255 | 2.81−1.46 · n=254 | 3.41−1.35 · n=253 | 3.88−1.15 · n=252 | 4.62−0.79 · n=250 | 5.37−0.68 · n=249 | 5.98−1.21 · n=248 | 6.78−1.58 · n=247 | |
| KPHX | 2.58−2.30 · n=257 | 2.80−2.43 · n=256 | 3.03−2.57 · n=255 | 3.10−2.50 · n=254 | 3.34−2.60 · n=253 | 3.54−2.60 · n=251 | 4.02−2.63 · n=250 | 4.72−3.00 · n=249 | 5.39−3.50 · n=248 | — | |
| KSAN | 3.34−3.33 · n=256 | 3.51−3.51 · n=255 | 3.60−3.56 · n=254 | 3.69−3.61 · n=253 | 3.85−3.65 · n=252 | 4.00−3.69 · n=250 | 4.05−3.61 · n=249 | 4.27−3.73 · n=248 | 4.58−3.85 · n=247 | — | |
| KSAT | 2.43−2.09 · n=257 | 2.83−2.46 · n=256 | 3.03−2.59 · n=255 | 3.17−2.55 · n=254 | 3.45−2.61 · n=253 | 3.78−2.66 · n=252 | 4.34−2.57 · n=251 | 4.86−2.72 · n=250 | 5.41−2.97 · n=249 | 5.59−3.04 · n=248 | |
| KSEA | 2.51−2.06 · n=257 | 2.73−2.18 · n=256 | 2.88−2.35 · n=255 | 2.97−2.22 · n=254 | 3.28−2.21 · n=253 | 3.56−2.52 · n=251 | 4.41−2.51 · n=250 | 4.94−2.47 · n=249 | 5.09−2.44 · n=248 | — | |
| KSFO | 2.95−2.43 · n=257 | 3.15−2.57 · n=256 | 3.36−2.76 · n=255 | 3.47−2.83 · n=254 | 3.56−2.88 · n=253 | 3.94−3.20 · n=251 | 4.28−3.46 · n=250 | 4.67−3.74 · n=249 | 5.09−3.86 · n=248 | — | |
| KTTN | 1.81+1.02 · n=252 | 2.03+0.90 · n=251 | 2.32+0.94 · n=250 | 2.49+1.06 · n=249 | 3.06+1.18 · n=248 | 3.81+1.48 · n=247 | 4.74+1.77 · n=245 | 5.46+1.84 · n=244 | 6.10+1.42 · n=243 | 6.89+0.94 · n=242 |
Sampled daily minimum — MAE °F by stationtmin_s
Scored against the minimum of the four *observed* samples on the same day.
| Station | d0 | d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | d5 | d6 | d7 | d8 | d9 | lead 1–9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KATL | 2.23−1.99 · n=256 | 2.36−2.09 · n=255 | 2.47−2.18 · n=254 | 2.59−2.25 · n=253 | 2.74−2.27 · n=252 | 3.20−2.31 · n=251 | 3.52−2.12 · n=249 | 3.88−2.03 · n=248 | 4.35−2.45 · n=247 | 4.91−1.97 · n=246 | |
| KAUS | 2.95+2.16 · n=256 | 3.00+2.18 · n=255 | 3.02+2.14 · n=254 | 3.14+2.16 · n=253 | 3.31+2.07 · n=252 | 3.76+2.26 · n=251 | 4.16+2.36 · n=249 | 4.63+2.01 · n=248 | 5.45+1.98 · n=247 | 5.81+1.84 · n=246 | |
| KBOS | 2.71−2.18 · n=243 | 2.87−2.27 · n=242 | 2.82−2.16 · n=241 | 2.86−1.97 · n=239 | 2.87−1.97 · n=240 | 3.49−1.72 · n=237 | 4.03−1.82 · n=235 | 4.16−2.03 · n=234 | 4.83−2.29 · n=233 | 5.91−2.44 · n=233 | |
| KDCA | 2.26−1.74 · n=256 | 2.48−1.92 · n=255 | 2.56−1.87 · n=254 | 2.73−1.82 · n=253 | 3.05−1.90 · n=252 | 3.62−1.84 · n=251 | 4.19−1.52 · n=249 | 4.37−1.55 · n=248 | 5.26−1.75 · n=247 | 5.80−1.60 · n=246 | |
| KDEN | 2.67+0.29 · n=256 | 2.80−0.10 · n=255 | 3.01−0.24 · n=254 | 3.17−0.36 · n=253 | 3.53−0.29 · n=252 | 3.99−0.26 · n=250 | 4.38−0.53 · n=249 | 5.06−0.68 · n=248 | 5.41−1.05 · n=247 | — | |
| KDFW | 1.29−0.16 · n=253 | 1.54−0.54 · n=252 | 1.79−0.85 · n=251 | 2.05−0.95 · n=250 | 2.26−1.02 · n=250 | 2.74−0.80 · n=248 | 3.30−0.79 · n=247 | 3.86−1.20 · n=246 | 5.13−1.08 · n=246 | 5.05−0.89 · n=244 | |
| KEWR | 2.16−1.81 · n=255 | 2.56−2.18 · n=254 | 2.61−2.17 · n=253 | 2.73−2.13 · n=252 | 3.07−2.16 · n=251 | 3.28−1.96 · n=250 | 3.73−1.80 · n=248 | 3.98−1.77 · n=247 | 4.97−2.25 · n=246 | 5.90−2.02 · n=245 | |
| KIAH | 1.50+0.14 · n=257 | 1.58−0.05 · n=256 | 1.67−0.23 · n=255 | 1.86−0.27 · n=254 | 2.19−0.41 · n=253 | 2.52−0.37 · n=252 | 2.85−0.17 · n=250 | 3.51−0.27 · n=249 | 4.22−0.45 · n=248 | 4.89−0.33 · n=247 | |
| KLAS | 3.03−2.31 · n=256 | 3.25−2.55 · n=255 | 3.26−2.43 · n=255 | 3.20−2.28 · n=254 | 3.12−2.06 · n=253 | 3.40−2.10 · n=251 | 3.68−2.07 · n=250 | 4.21−2.39 · n=249 | 4.82−2.59 · n=248 | — | |
| KLAX | 1.41−0.68 · n=257 | 1.58−0.93 · n=256 | 1.65−1.01 · n=255 | 1.72−1.04 · n=254 | 1.71−0.97 · n=253 | 1.93−0.89 · n=251 | 2.12−0.92 · n=250 | 2.32−0.96 · n=249 | 2.51−1.01 · n=248 | — | |
| KMIA | 1.66−0.99 · n=256 | 2.01−1.51 · n=254 | 2.09−1.61 · n=253 | 2.22−1.69 · n=252 | 2.30−1.72 · n=251 | 2.53−1.76 · n=250 | 2.63−1.79 · n=248 | 3.06−1.83 · n=248 | 3.19−1.82 · n=246 | 3.62−1.88 · n=245 | |
| KMSP | 2.36−2.06 · n=257 | 2.83−2.54 · n=256 | 3.03−2.53 · n=255 | 3.42−2.48 · n=254 | 3.26−2.25 · n=253 | 3.81−2.11 · n=252 | 4.37−2.20 · n=251 | 5.37−2.38 · n=250 | 6.51−1.88 · n=249 | 6.71−2.03 · n=248 | |
| KMSY | 1.76+0.97 · n=257 | 1.75+0.47 · n=256 | 1.83+0.36 · n=255 | 1.92+0.24 · n=254 | 1.99+0.21 · n=253 | 2.22+0.09 · n=252 | 2.52+0.31 · n=250 | 3.13+0.25 · n=249 | 3.41+0.07 · n=248 | 3.91+0.49 · n=247 | |
| KNYC | 2.55−1.93 · n=255 | 2.90−2.34 · n=254 | 2.95−2.30 · n=253 | 3.10−2.29 · n=252 | 3.39−2.34 · n=251 | 3.54−2.12 · n=250 | 4.10−2.05 · n=249 | 4.22−1.94 · n=248 | 5.22−2.40 · n=247 | 5.98−2.22 · n=247 | |
| KOKC | 3.11+2.42 · n=256 | 2.93+1.89 · n=255 | 3.06+1.76 · n=254 | 3.15+1.58 · n=253 | 3.45+1.49 · n=252 | 3.74+1.54 · n=251 | 4.55+1.61 · n=249 | 5.22+1.18 · n=248 | 6.10+1.47 · n=247 | 6.32+0.83 · n=246 | |
| KORD | 1.62−1.02 · n=257 | 1.99−1.28 · n=256 | 2.31−1.41 · n=255 | 2.54−1.35 · n=254 | 2.81−1.00 · n=253 | 3.30−0.94 · n=252 | 3.93−0.69 · n=250 | 4.88−1.36 · n=249 | 5.64−1.00 · n=248 | 5.92−0.65 · n=247 | |
| KPHL | 2.95−2.75 · n=257 | 3.03−2.78 · n=256 | 2.96−2.65 · n=255 | 3.08−2.55 · n=254 | 3.39−2.65 · n=253 | 3.72−2.52 · n=252 | 4.15−2.29 · n=250 | 4.49−2.13 · n=249 | 5.50−2.49 · n=248 | 6.01−2.30 · n=247 | |
| KPHX | 3.63−3.38 · n=257 | 3.97−3.60 · n=256 | 4.08−3.72 · n=255 | 4.18−3.73 · n=254 | 4.17−3.66 · n=253 | 4.40−3.70 · n=251 | 4.52−3.68 · n=250 | 4.92−3.83 · n=249 | 5.43−4.02 · n=248 | — | |
| KSAN | 2.17+0.20 · n=256 | 2.19+0.02 · n=255 | 2.14+0.02 · n=254 | 2.12+0.02 · n=253 | 2.16+0.06 · n=252 | 2.28+0.13 · n=250 | 2.35+0.22 · n=249 | 2.51+0.16 · n=248 | 2.60+0.15 · n=247 | — | |
| KSAT | 1.59−0.24 · n=257 | 1.65−0.24 · n=256 | 1.67−0.27 · n=255 | 1.82−0.23 · n=254 | 1.99−0.21 · n=253 | 2.40−0.10 · n=252 | 2.79+0.13 · n=251 | 3.45−0.24 · n=250 | 4.14−0.32 · n=249 | 4.50−0.55 · n=248 | |
| KSEA | 1.57−0.52 · n=257 | 1.65−0.74 · n=256 | 1.79−0.91 · n=255 | 1.88−0.81 · n=254 | 2.00−0.78 · n=253 | 2.21−0.81 · n=251 | 2.56−0.73 · n=250 | 2.81−0.77 · n=249 | 3.29−0.78 · n=248 | — | |
| KSFO | 1.50−0.52 · n=257 | 1.66−0.90 · n=256 | 1.85−1.15 · n=255 | 1.98−1.31 · n=254 | 2.19−1.47 · n=253 | 2.40−1.60 · n=251 | 2.59−1.78 · n=250 | 2.85−2.06 · n=249 | 2.92−2.05 · n=248 | — | |
| KTTN | 1.49+0.50 · n=252 | 1.70+0.52 · n=251 | 1.90+0.59 · n=250 | 2.14+0.68 · n=249 | 2.40+0.64 · n=248 | 2.93+0.81 · n=247 | 3.68+0.99 · n=245 | 4.02+1.07 · n=244 | 5.06+0.65 · n=243 | 6.05+0.78 · n=242 |
Against the NWS daily extremes (secondary)
This comparison scores four 6-hourly forecast samples against the true daily extreme, so it includes a sampling penalty. The size of that penalty depends on each model's own diurnal amplitude, which is one of the things this site measures, so these numbers are published for operational relevance and are never used for ranking.
Daily maximum vs NWS CLI
| Station | d0 | d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | d5 | d6 | d7 | d8 | d9 | lead 1–9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KATL | 4.93−4.93 · n=257 | 5.23−5.21 · n=256 | 5.40−5.36 · n=255 | 5.68−5.53 · n=254 | 5.74−5.45 · n=253 | 5.77−5.29 · n=252 | 6.22−5.51 · n=251 | 6.67−5.70 · n=250 | 6.97−5.89 · n=249 | 7.72−5.76 · n=248 | |
| KAUS | 6.36−6.33 · n=257 | 6.82−6.73 · n=256 | 6.97−6.85 · n=255 | 7.01−6.88 · n=254 | 7.07−6.84 · n=253 | 7.35−6.93 · n=252 | 7.68−6.88 · n=251 | 8.22−7.17 · n=250 | 8.54−7.21 · n=249 | 8.77−7.33 · n=248 | |
| KBOS | 2.88−2.17 · n=256 | 2.95−2.10 · n=255 | 3.05−2.00 · n=255 | 3.28−1.72 · n=253 | 3.84−1.38 · n=252 | 4.84−1.45 · n=251 | 5.22−1.38 · n=250 | 6.11−1.34 · n=249 | 6.93−1.69 · n=248 | 7.34−2.10 · n=247 | |
| KDCA | 3.89−3.69 · n=257 | 4.23−3.90 · n=256 | 4.45−3.90 · n=255 | 4.39−3.74 · n=254 | 4.80−3.73 · n=253 | 5.28−3.59 · n=252 | 5.82−3.20 · n=251 | 6.26−3.17 · n=250 | 7.26−3.82 · n=249 | 7.43−3.91 · n=248 | |
| KDEN | 5.74−5.74 · n=257 | 6.16−6.10 · n=256 | 6.29−6.22 · n=255 | 6.24−6.09 · n=254 | 6.48−6.01 · n=253 | 7.25−6.01 · n=252 | 7.91−6.37 · n=251 | 9.34−6.97 · n=250 | 10.05−7.62 · n=249 | — | |
| KDFW | 5.28−5.25 · n=257 | 6.04−5.99 · n=256 | 6.45−6.38 · n=255 | 6.68−6.57 · n=254 | 6.72−6.55 · n=253 | 7.00−6.52 · n=252 | 7.53−6.79 · n=251 | 8.20−7.00 · n=250 | 8.78−6.97 · n=249 | 8.88−7.01 · n=248 | |
| KEWR | 4.10−4.04 · n=257 | 4.42−4.32 · n=256 | 4.36−4.22 · n=255 | 4.31−4.11 · n=254 | 4.66−4.07 · n=253 | 5.18−3.77 · n=252 | 5.62−3.60 · n=251 | 6.15−3.52 · n=250 | 7.12−3.98 · n=249 | 7.89−4.45 · n=248 | |
| KIAH | 5.12−5.06 · n=257 | 5.68−5.62 · n=256 | 5.85−5.75 · n=255 | 5.88−5.75 · n=254 | 6.19−5.96 · n=253 | 6.30−5.98 · n=252 | 6.51−5.88 · n=251 | 6.72−5.95 · n=250 | 7.07−6.01 · n=249 | 7.23−5.88 · n=248 | |
| KLAS | 4.42−4.37 · n=257 | 4.07−4.01 · n=256 | 4.00−3.89 · n=255 | 3.90−3.69 · n=254 | 4.14−3.62 · n=253 | 4.35−3.62 · n=252 | 5.01−3.94 · n=251 | 5.60−4.38 · n=250 | 6.36−4.70 · n=249 | — | |
| KLAX | 4.73−4.70 · n=257 | 4.85−4.82 · n=256 | 4.92−4.89 · n=255 | 5.00−4.92 · n=254 | 5.03−4.92 · n=253 | 5.21−5.01 · n=252 | 5.45−5.08 · n=251 | 5.51−5.21 · n=250 | 5.81−5.39 · n=249 | — | |
| KMIA | 3.24−3.19 · n=257 | 3.47−3.41 · n=256 | 3.52−3.40 · n=255 | 3.61−3.48 · n=254 | 3.76−3.63 · n=253 | 3.82−3.58 · n=252 | 4.01−3.76 · n=251 | 4.00−3.48 · n=250 | 3.96−3.32 · n=249 | 4.27−3.36 · n=248 | |
| KMSP | 4.94−4.88 · n=257 | 5.54−5.50 · n=256 | 5.58−5.45 · n=255 | 5.77−5.42 · n=254 | 5.93−5.32 · n=253 | 6.16−4.78 · n=252 | 6.95−5.13 · n=251 | 7.37−5.18 · n=250 | 8.17−5.06 · n=249 | 8.81−4.87 · n=248 | |
| KMSY | 4.10−4.08 · n=257 | 4.34−4.28 · n=256 | 4.45−4.35 · n=255 | 4.61−4.40 · n=254 | 4.89−4.70 · n=253 | 5.00−4.66 · n=252 | 5.26−4.78 · n=251 | 5.45−4.96 · n=250 | 5.74−4.94 · n=249 | 5.87−4.64 · n=248 | |
| KNYC | 2.28−1.87 · n=257 | 2.58−2.19 · n=256 | 2.66−2.10 · n=255 | 2.74−2.00 · n=254 | 3.22−1.95 · n=253 | 3.91−1.64 · n=252 | 4.44−1.49 · n=251 | 5.14−1.40 · n=250 | 6.19−1.86 · n=249 | 6.80−2.39 · n=248 | |
| KOKC | 5.37−5.17 · n=257 | 5.96−5.78 · n=256 | 6.40−6.21 · n=255 | 6.70−6.30 · n=254 | 6.82−6.45 · n=253 | 7.27−6.40 · n=252 | 7.99−6.95 · n=251 | 8.94−7.18 · n=250 | 9.41−7.03 · n=249 | 10.33−7.59 · n=248 | |
| KORD | 3.74−3.58 · n=257 | 4.12−3.90 · n=256 | 4.31−3.97 · n=255 | 4.44−3.97 · n=254 | 4.81−3.96 · n=253 | 5.28−3.92 · n=252 | 6.06−3.81 · n=251 | 7.08−4.19 · n=250 | 7.67−4.25 · n=249 | 8.30−4.49 · n=248 | |
| KPHL | 4.06−3.89 · n=257 | 4.22−4.01 · n=256 | 4.27−3.99 · n=255 | 4.29−3.86 · n=254 | 4.68−3.75 · n=253 | 5.00−3.54 · n=252 | 5.58−3.20 · n=251 | 6.17−3.13 · n=250 | 6.95−3.68 · n=249 | 7.51−4.03 · n=248 | |
| KPHX | 4.29−4.21 · n=257 | 4.46−4.37 · n=256 | 4.64−4.52 · n=255 | 4.60−4.42 · n=254 | 4.84−4.53 · n=253 | 4.97−4.53 · n=252 | 5.30−4.60 · n=251 | 5.98−4.92 · n=250 | 6.58−5.43 · n=249 | — | |
| KSAN | 5.93−5.93 · n=257 | 6.14−6.14 · n=256 | 6.20−6.20 · n=255 | 6.27−6.26 · n=254 | 6.34−6.31 · n=253 | 6.42−6.33 · n=252 | 6.36−6.28 · n=251 | 6.50−6.36 · n=250 | 6.70−6.48 · n=249 | — | |
| KSAT | 5.48−5.43 · n=257 | 5.87−5.80 · n=256 | 5.97−5.90 · n=255 | 5.94−5.87 · n=254 | 6.11−5.91 · n=253 | 6.29−6.01 · n=252 | 6.61−5.86 · n=251 | 6.95−6.05 · n=250 | 7.45−6.29 · n=249 | 7.61−6.35 · n=248 | |
| KSEA | 3.61−3.50 · n=257 | 3.82−3.62 · n=256 | 4.05−3.81 · n=255 | 3.96−3.68 · n=254 | 4.17−3.65 · n=253 | 4.41−3.97 · n=252 | 5.16−3.98 · n=251 | 5.50−3.93 · n=250 | 5.58−3.88 · n=249 | — | |
| KSFO | 5.55−5.52 · n=257 | 5.78−5.72 · n=256 | 5.98−5.91 · n=255 | 6.09−5.97 · n=254 | 6.17−6.02 · n=253 | 6.54−6.34 · n=252 | 6.82−6.59 · n=251 | 7.07−6.87 · n=250 | 7.48−7.02 · n=249 | — | |
| KTTN | 2.02−1.38 · n=257 | 2.34−1.45 · n=256 | 2.50−1.41 · n=255 | 2.64−1.29 · n=254 | 3.24−1.21 · n=253 | 3.84−0.92 · n=252 | 4.60−0.64 · n=251 | 5.33−0.59 · n=250 | 6.22−1.10 · n=249 | 7.01−1.46 · n=248 |
Daily minimum vs NWS CLI
| Station | d0 | d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | d5 | d6 | d7 | d8 | d9 | lead 1–9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KATL | 1.68−0.24 · n=256 | 1.72−0.38 · n=255 | 1.89−0.44 · n=254 | 1.98−0.53 · n=254 | 2.11−0.54 · n=252 | 2.65−0.58 · n=251 | 3.19−0.39 · n=250 | 3.57−0.32 · n=249 | 3.95−0.74 · n=248 | 4.55−0.28 · n=247 | |
| KAUS | 4.81+4.55 · n=257 | 4.78+4.58 · n=256 | 4.78+4.52 · n=255 | 4.85+4.50 · n=254 | 4.86+4.39 · n=253 | 5.21+4.57 · n=252 | 5.72+4.60 · n=251 | 6.01+4.28 · n=250 | 6.64+4.21 · n=249 | 6.73+4.09 · n=248 | |
| KBOS | 1.97−0.03 · n=256 | 2.06−0.09 · n=255 | 2.03+0.04 · n=255 | 2.17+0.18 · n=253 | 2.35+0.24 · n=252 | 2.95+0.47 · n=251 | 3.48+0.32 · n=250 | 3.75+0.20 · n=249 | 4.30−0.05 · n=248 | 5.39−0.10 · n=247 | |
| KDCA | 1.90+0.39 · n=257 | 2.00+0.26 · n=256 | 2.07+0.38 · n=255 | 2.20+0.38 · n=254 | 2.53+0.28 · n=253 | 2.93+0.35 · n=252 | 3.61+0.65 · n=251 | 3.87+0.66 · n=250 | 4.87+0.43 · n=249 | 5.56+0.65 · n=248 | |
| KDEN | 4.03+3.59 · n=257 | 3.73+3.19 · n=256 | 3.75+3.03 · n=255 | 3.80+2.98 · n=254 | 4.10+3.07 · n=253 | 4.48+3.06 · n=252 | 4.73+2.82 · n=251 | 5.10+2.63 · n=250 | 5.48+2.23 · n=249 | — | |
| KDFW | 2.05+1.49 · n=257 | 2.09+1.15 · n=256 | 2.15+0.84 · n=255 | 2.34+0.69 · n=254 | 2.55+0.61 · n=253 | 2.92+0.82 · n=252 | 3.47+0.81 · n=251 | 3.83+0.40 · n=250 | 5.06+0.48 · n=249 | 5.02+0.66 · n=248 | |
| KEWR | 2.01+0.80 · n=257 | 1.93+0.47 · n=256 | 1.99+0.51 · n=255 | 2.17+0.53 · n=254 | 2.25+0.48 · n=253 | 2.63+0.73 · n=252 | 3.25+0.77 · n=251 | 3.61+0.96 · n=250 | 4.54+0.48 · n=249 | 5.55+0.67 · n=248 | |
| KIAH | 2.30+1.65 · n=257 | 2.31+1.47 · n=256 | 2.27+1.31 · n=255 | 2.41+1.24 · n=254 | 2.57+1.06 · n=253 | 2.88+1.11 · n=252 | 3.11+1.28 · n=251 | 3.72+1.23 · n=250 | 4.32+1.05 · n=249 | 5.11+1.16 · n=248 | |
| KLAS | 2.38−0.49 · n=257 | 2.53−0.73 · n=256 | 2.54−0.61 · n=255 | 2.60−0.46 · n=254 | 2.65−0.26 · n=253 | 3.01−0.27 · n=252 | 3.35−0.29 · n=251 | 3.80−0.60 · n=250 | 4.31−0.80 · n=249 | — | |
| KLAX | 1.69+0.87 · n=257 | 1.73+0.64 · n=256 | 1.71+0.56 · n=255 | 1.74+0.53 · n=254 | 1.81+0.59 · n=253 | 2.02+0.69 · n=252 | 2.17+0.66 · n=251 | 2.39+0.63 · n=250 | 2.61+0.57 · n=249 | — | |
| KMIA | 1.73+0.98 · n=257 | 1.77+0.47 · n=256 | 1.77+0.39 · n=255 | 1.85+0.30 · n=254 | 1.93+0.28 · n=253 | 2.23+0.26 · n=252 | 2.30+0.22 · n=251 | 2.59+0.17 · n=250 | 2.81+0.20 · n=249 | 3.14+0.14 · n=248 | |
| KMSP | 2.27−0.10 · n=257 | 2.52−0.55 · n=256 | 2.70−0.59 · n=255 | 3.10−0.50 · n=254 | 3.10−0.32 · n=253 | 3.48−0.17 · n=252 | 4.03−0.32 · n=251 | 5.04−0.43 · n=250 | 6.10+0.08 · n=249 | 6.31−0.11 · n=248 | |
| KMSY | 3.11+2.92 · n=257 | 2.76+2.41 · n=256 | 2.71+2.25 · n=255 | 2.61+2.11 · n=254 | 2.69+2.11 · n=253 | 2.84+1.98 · n=252 | 3.16+2.22 · n=251 | 3.51+2.15 · n=250 | 3.72+1.97 · n=249 | 4.59+2.36 · n=248 | |
| KNYC | 2.46−0.04 · n=257 | 2.45−0.44 · n=256 | 2.51−0.39 · n=255 | 2.64−0.36 · n=254 | 2.81−0.40 · n=253 | 3.00−0.17 · n=252 | 3.51−0.14 · n=251 | 3.62+0.04 · n=250 | 4.58−0.43 · n=249 | 5.55−0.26 · n=248 | |
| KOKC | 4.99+4.85 · n=257 | 4.51+4.28 · n=256 | 4.55+4.14 · n=255 | 4.52+3.93 · n=254 | 4.63+3.86 · n=253 | 4.73+3.92 · n=252 | 5.45+3.90 · n=251 | 5.83+3.53 · n=250 | 6.86+3.72 · n=249 | 6.71+3.04 · n=248 | |
| KORD | 2.19+1.19 · n=257 | 2.24+0.97 · n=256 | 2.47+0.83 · n=255 | 2.79+0.91 · n=254 | 3.16+1.24 · n=253 | 3.51+1.30 · n=252 | 4.08+1.52 · n=251 | 5.00+0.87 · n=250 | 5.96+1.25 · n=249 | 6.18+1.61 · n=248 | |
| KPHL | 2.01−0.43 · n=257 | 2.22−0.45 · n=256 | 2.17−0.30 · n=255 | 2.24−0.21 · n=254 | 2.49−0.34 · n=253 | 2.82−0.20 · n=252 | 3.54+0.02 · n=251 | 3.97+0.23 · n=250 | 4.90−0.14 · n=249 | 5.79+0.03 · n=248 | |
| KPHX | 2.25−1.40 · n=257 | 2.56−1.59 · n=256 | 2.63−1.70 · n=255 | 2.76−1.72 · n=254 | 2.82−1.64 · n=253 | 3.10−1.66 · n=252 | 3.30−1.65 · n=251 | 3.76−1.80 · n=250 | 4.26−2.02 · n=249 | — | |
| KSAN | 2.72+1.73 · n=257 | 2.62+1.53 · n=256 | 2.61+1.53 · n=255 | 2.58+1.54 · n=254 | 2.60+1.56 · n=253 | 2.73+1.62 · n=252 | 2.79+1.71 · n=251 | 2.87+1.67 · n=250 | 3.02+1.65 · n=249 | — | |
| KSAT | 2.17+1.27 · n=257 | 2.11+1.28 · n=256 | 2.06+1.25 · n=255 | 2.27+1.30 · n=254 | 2.40+1.27 · n=253 | 2.80+1.41 · n=252 | 3.24+1.57 · n=251 | 3.83+1.25 · n=250 | 4.49+1.15 · n=249 | 4.69+0.96 · n=248 | |
| KSEA | 1.75+1.08 · n=257 | 1.60+0.84 · n=256 | 1.68+0.68 · n=255 | 1.81+0.75 · n=254 | 1.95+0.81 · n=253 | 2.23+0.78 · n=252 | 2.45+0.88 · n=251 | 2.80+0.82 · n=250 | 3.27+0.79 · n=249 | — | |
| KSFO | 1.51+0.74 · n=257 | 1.46+0.37 · n=256 | 1.56+0.13 · n=255 | 1.62−0.04 · n=254 | 1.84−0.18 · n=253 | 2.10−0.32 · n=252 | 2.24−0.50 · n=251 | 2.40−0.79 · n=250 | 2.52−0.77 · n=249 | — | |
| KTTN | 3.72+3.41 · n=257 | 3.73+3.48 · n=256 | 3.80+3.56 · n=255 | 3.90+3.63 · n=254 | 3.90+3.56 · n=253 | 4.26+3.74 · n=252 | 4.90+3.90 · n=251 | 5.33+4.16 · n=250 | 5.73+3.65 · n=249 | 6.80+3.84 · n=248 |
Month-by-month slices live on the canonical page: they do not depend on the window, initialization or interpolation selected here.
Source and licence
Where the numbers come from, what may be done with them, and what was — deliberately — not done to the forecast before scoring it.
Where it comes from
aiwp · GRAP · IFS initial conditions
Steps every 6 h to 240 h; sampled at 00/06/12/18 UTC only.
Licence
NOAA/CIRA AIWP, U.S. Government work, public domain. Cite Radford et al. (2025), BAMS, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0057.1.
Post-processing
None. Raw grid values, bilinear (headline) or nearest-node interpolation, no MOS, no bias correction, no downscaling.