Model
Persistence (baseline)
persistence
source truth · product yesterday's observation · steps every 24 h to 240 h · initializations 0, 12 UTC. Scores use the latest model version segment, obs. Earlier days ran a different version of the model and are excluded rather than silently pooled into the same average.
Instantaneous temperature — MAE °F by stationt2
Scored against the observed 2 m temperature at the same instant (ASOS routine METAR). This is the headline variable: the same four instants on the forecast and the observation side. These pages are always bilinear interpolation, the headline method. The nearest-node variant, and every other window/initialization/interpolation/variable combination, is published on each permanent link below — follow any number.
| Station | d0 | d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | d5 | d6 | d7 | d8 | d9 | lead 1–9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KATL | — | 3.48+0.18 · n=29 | 5.29+0.40 · n=29 | 6.60+0.71 · n=29 | 7.09+0.97 · n=29 | 7.41+1.09 · n=29 | 7.41+1.55 · n=29 | 7.54+2.13 · n=29 | 7.76+2.71 · n=29 | 7.64+3.43 · n=29 | |
| KAUS | — | 4.20+0.48 · n=29 | 5.84+0.93 · n=29 | 7.66+1.32 · n=29 | 9.19+1.85 · n=29 | 9.91+2.35 · n=29 | 10.47+2.85 · n=29 | 10.35+3.61 · n=29 | 10.37+4.30 · n=29 | 9.95+5.12 · n=29 | |
| KBOS | — | 6.11+0.21 · n=27 | 6.94+0.11 · n=27 | 7.71+0.68 · n=27 | 6.85+1.49 · n=27 | 7.31+1.21 · n=27 | 6.91+1.10 · n=28 | 7.70+1.49 · n=28 | 7.86+1.44 · n=28 | 8.07+2.18 · n=28 | |
| KDCA | — | 4.68+0.21 · n=29 | 6.40+0.43 · n=29 | 6.90+0.72 · n=29 | 7.25+1.11 · n=29 | 7.94+1.27 · n=29 | 7.64+1.44 · n=29 | 7.94+1.63 · n=29 | 8.52+2.01 · n=29 | 9.01+2.80 · n=29 | |
| KDEN | — | 5.91+0.53 · n=29 | 7.90+1.41 · n=29 | 10.31+2.11 · n=29 | 11.35+2.60 · n=29 | 11.08+2.44 · n=29 | 10.94+2.47 · n=29 | 11.62+2.55 · n=29 | 11.12+2.71 · n=29 | 10.18+2.85 · n=29 | |
| KDFW | — | 3.33+0.41 · n=29 | 5.50+0.89 · n=29 | 7.36+1.29 · n=29 | 8.78+1.69 · n=29 | 9.65+2.18 · n=29 | 10.20+2.73 · n=29 | 10.56+3.30 · n=29 | 10.80+3.88 · n=29 | 10.89+4.63 · n=29 | |
| KEWR | — | 5.41+0.12 · n=29 | 6.80+0.24 · n=29 | 7.82+0.51 · n=29 | 7.88+0.95 · n=29 | 8.05+1.14 · n=29 | 7.52+1.30 · n=29 | 7.86+1.58 · n=29 | 8.40+1.95 · n=29 | 8.61+2.45 · n=29 | |
| KIAH | — | 3.77+0.54 · n=29 | 5.05+0.97 · n=29 | 5.76+1.31 · n=29 | 6.61+1.64 · n=29 | 6.72+2.18 · n=29 | 6.51+2.71 · n=29 | 6.86+3.14 · n=29 | 6.99+3.70 · n=29 | 6.98+4.29 · n=29 | |
| KLAS | — | 3.96+0.26 · n=29 | 6.07+0.83 · n=29 | 7.42+1.60 · n=29 | 7.92+2.23 · n=29 | 8.24+2.97 · n=29 | 8.37+3.49 · n=29 | 8.69+3.60 · n=29 | 8.76+3.88 · n=29 | 8.97+4.30 · n=29 | |
| KLAX | — | 4.01+0.14 · n=29 | 6.26+0.31 · n=29 | 7.68+0.44 · n=29 | 8.76+0.55 · n=29 | 9.01+0.74 · n=29 | 8.85+0.99 · n=29 | 8.81+1.06 · n=29 | 8.55+1.14 · n=29 | 8.05+1.09 · n=29 | |
| KMIA | — | 2.24+0.11 · n=29 | 2.73+0.20 · n=29 | 2.99+0.46 · n=29 | 3.04+0.61 · n=29 | 3.27+0.86 · n=29 | 3.46+0.99 · n=29 | 3.69+1.17 · n=29 | 3.76+1.21 · n=29 | 4.32+1.20 · n=29 | |
| KMSP | — | 6.14+0.51 · n=29 | 8.74+1.11 · n=29 | 9.90+1.38 · n=29 | 10.27+1.34 · n=29 | 10.19+1.14 · n=29 | 10.25+1.05 · n=29 | 10.86+0.93 · n=29 | 10.89+0.89 · n=29 | 9.86+1.06 · n=29 | |
| KMSY | — | 2.79+0.34 · n=29 | 4.01+0.63 · n=29 | 4.64+0.89 · n=29 | 5.22+1.40 · n=29 | 5.26+1.88 · n=29 | 5.16+2.44 · n=29 | 5.24+2.95 · n=29 | 5.86+3.35 · n=29 | 6.18+3.92 · n=29 | |
| KNYC | — | 5.20+0.05 · n=28 | 6.40+0.35 · n=28 | 7.36+0.59 · n=28 | 7.27+0.89 · n=28 | 7.38+0.95 · n=28 | 6.58+1.13 · n=28 | 6.96+1.28 · n=28 | 7.38+1.73 · n=28 | 7.62+2.35 · n=28 | |
| KOKC | — | 3.75+0.40 · n=29 | 6.11+1.02 · n=29 | 7.56+1.45 · n=29 | 8.79+1.99 · n=29 | 9.72+2.57 · n=29 | 10.36+3.02 · n=29 | 10.88+3.44 · n=29 | 11.24+3.97 · n=29 | 11.24+4.87 · n=29 | |
| KORD | — | 5.04+0.05 · n=29 | 6.27+0.08 · n=29 | 6.97+0.02 · n=29 | 8.35+0.12 · n=29 | 8.57+0.32 · n=29 | 8.39+0.42 · n=29 | 8.82+0.52 · n=29 | 8.89+0.79 · n=29 | 8.67+1.20 · n=29 | |
| KPHL | — | 5.24+0.21 · n=29 | 6.81+0.38 · n=29 | 7.87+0.74 · n=29 | 7.62+1.29 · n=29 | 8.16+1.46 · n=29 | 7.52+1.66 · n=29 | 7.95+1.88 · n=29 | 8.59+2.22 · n=29 | 8.99+2.87 · n=29 | |
| KPHX | — | 3.87+0.02 · n=29 | 6.44+0.49 · n=29 | 7.85+1.12 · n=29 | 8.03+1.62 · n=29 | 8.22+1.89 · n=29 | 8.78+2.30 · n=29 | 9.83+2.68 · n=29 | 10.18+3.01 · n=29 | 10.36+3.46 · n=29 | |
| KSAN | — | 3.82+0.21 · n=29 | 5.61+0.40 · n=29 | 7.14+0.57 · n=29 | 8.25+0.77 · n=29 | 8.75+1.00 · n=29 | 9.01+1.13 · n=29 | 8.99+1.16 · n=29 | 8.76+1.21 · n=29 | 7.95+1.19 · n=29 | |
| KSAT | — | 3.37+0.37 · n=29 | 5.15+0.86 · n=29 | 6.91+1.25 · n=29 | 8.03+1.70 · n=29 | 8.78+2.12 · n=29 | 9.37+2.53 · n=29 | 9.31+3.05 · n=29 | 9.32+3.54 · n=29 | 9.12+4.21 · n=29 | |
| KSEA | — | 3.45+0.20 · n=29 | 4.06+0.33 · n=29 | 3.93+0.42 · n=29 | 4.35+0.65 · n=29 | 4.46+0.86 · n=29 | 4.53+1.08 · n=29 | 4.70+1.37 · n=29 | 4.48+1.56 · n=29 | 4.67+1.80 · n=29 | |
| KSFO | — | 3.29−0.01 · n=29 | 4.76−0.00 · n=29 | 5.04−0.01 · n=29 | 5.28+0.12 · n=29 | 5.57+0.31 · n=29 | 5.77+0.44 · n=29 | 5.99+0.32 · n=29 | 5.44+0.30 · n=29 | 4.98+0.31 · n=29 | |
| KTTN | — | 5.83+0.21 · n=29 | 7.33+0.45 · n=29 | 8.29+0.89 · n=29 | 8.25+1.45 · n=29 | 8.74+1.58 · n=29 | 8.10+1.80 · n=29 | 8.68+2.08 · n=29 | 9.13+2.45 · n=29 | 9.57+3.07 · n=29 |
+ model too warm − model too cold bias interval includes zero ★ lowest MAE among ranked models (n ≥ 30) = not distinguishable from the leader ▼ worse than the leader ▲ better than the leader — all three Holm-corrected within this table, over the family of comparisons against the leader; the uncorrected verdict for every pair is published in the pairwise table of each permanent link and in pairwise_latest.csv.gzn < 30 greyed and unranked CI is a 95 % moving-block bootstrap interval on the group's own days, and reads — when it could not be computed skill reads — when fewer than 10 days are common to the model and the baseline: the ratio of two means over a handful of shared days is not a number worth printing
Sampled daily maximum — MAE °F by stationtmax_s
Scored against the maximum of the four *observed* samples on the same day.
| Station | d0 | d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | d5 | d6 | d7 | d8 | d9 | lead 1–9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KATL | — | 3.73+0.20 · n=29 | 6.04+0.45 · n=29 | 7.76+0.79 · n=29 | 7.93+0.96 · n=29 | 8.55+0.83 · n=29 | 7.62+0.93 · n=29 | 7.20+1.34 · n=29 | 7.31+1.86 · n=29 | 7.97+2.45 · n=29 | |
| KAUS | — | 3.03+0.55 · n=29 | 5.38+1.03 · n=29 | 7.31+1.38 · n=29 | 8.34+1.79 · n=29 | 9.00+2.17 · n=29 | 9.59+2.62 · n=29 | 9.86+3.17 · n=29 | 10.07+3.79 · n=29 | 10.21+4.48 · n=29 | |
| KBOS | — | 7.80−0.05 · n=27 | 7.80−0.57 · n=27 | 8.09−0.09 · n=27 | 7.31+0.76 · n=27 | 8.00+0.37 · n=27 | 6.98+0.38 · n=28 | 7.77+0.84 · n=28 | 7.70+0.41 · n=28 | 7.98+1.24 · n=28 | |
| KDCA | — | 5.27+0.03 · n=29 | 8.07−0.14 · n=29 | 8.93−0.04 · n=29 | 8.97+0.34 · n=29 | 8.24+0.45 · n=29 | 7.28+0.31 · n=29 | 7.17+0.20 · n=29 | 8.49+0.27 · n=29 | 9.83+0.79 · n=29 | |
| KDEN | — | 5.42+0.38 · n=29 | 8.07+1.38 · n=29 | 11.00+2.31 · n=29 | 12.38+2.93 · n=29 | 11.93+2.76 · n=29 | 11.69+2.86 · n=29 | 12.73+3.14 · n=29 | 12.45+3.35 · n=29 | 11.62+3.42 · n=29 | |
| KDFW | — | 3.38+0.35 · n=29 | 5.76+0.79 · n=29 | 7.72+1.17 · n=29 | 8.76+1.52 · n=29 | 9.58+1.86 · n=29 | 10.41+2.35 · n=29 | 10.83+2.90 · n=29 | 11.03+3.45 · n=29 | 11.14+4.10 · n=29 | |
| KEWR | — | 6.53−0.02 · n=29 | 7.67−0.26 · n=29 | 8.61−0.40 · n=29 | 7.92−0.12 · n=29 | 8.15+0.08 · n=29 | 6.81+0.05 · n=29 | 7.70+0.19 · n=29 | 7.63+0.39 · n=29 | 7.81+0.60 · n=29 | |
| KIAH | — | 4.00+0.76 · n=29 | 5.31+1.10 · n=29 | 6.00+1.45 · n=29 | 6.79+1.62 · n=29 | 6.72+1.90 · n=29 | 6.55+2.28 · n=29 | 7.04+2.69 · n=29 | 7.07+3.21 · n=29 | 6.52+3.69 · n=29 | |
| KLAS | — | 4.31+0.03 · n=29 | 7.11+0.40 · n=29 | 8.46+1.20 · n=29 | 9.08+2.03 · n=29 | 9.03+2.89 · n=29 | 9.23+3.58 · n=29 | 9.92+3.78 · n=29 | 10.20+4.06 · n=29 | 10.84+4.54 · n=29 | |
| KLAX | — | 4.79+0.10 · n=29 | 7.59+0.21 · n=29 | 9.62+0.38 · n=29 | 11.41+0.45 · n=29 | 12.14+0.62 · n=29 | 12.10+0.93 · n=29 | 12.17+0.93 · n=29 | 11.48+0.93 · n=29 | 10.79+0.79 · n=29 | |
| KMIA | — | 2.76+0.21 · n=29 | 3.69+0.38 · n=29 | 3.35+0.73 · n=29 | 3.52+0.90 · n=29 | 3.79+1.17 · n=29 | 3.90+1.35 · n=29 | 3.97+1.48 · n=29 | 3.93+1.45 · n=29 | 4.73+1.55 · n=29 | |
| KMSP | — | 5.90+0.52 · n=29 | 8.42+1.10 · n=29 | 10.14+1.31 · n=29 | 11.35+1.14 · n=29 | 11.48+0.93 · n=29 | 10.76+0.76 · n=29 | 12.14+0.55 · n=29 | 11.62+0.38 · n=29 | 10.28+0.48 · n=29 | |
| KMSY | — | 2.76+0.34 · n=29 | 4.21+0.69 · n=29 | 5.17+0.97 · n=29 | 5.66+1.17 · n=29 | 5.69+1.34 · n=29 | 5.83+1.69 · n=29 | 5.28+2.10 · n=29 | 5.38+2.55 · n=29 | 5.48+3.14 · n=29 | |
| KNYC | — | 5.82−0.18 · n=28 | 6.36−0.14 · n=28 | 7.46−0.04 · n=28 | 6.86+0.36 · n=28 | 7.29+0.36 · n=28 | 5.64+0.57 · n=28 | 6.29+0.57 · n=28 | 6.50+0.93 · n=28 | 6.93+1.36 · n=28 | |
| KOKC | — | 3.79+0.42 · n=29 | 6.66+1.07 · n=29 | 8.42+1.45 · n=29 | 10.00+1.80 · n=29 | 11.59+2.28 · n=29 | 12.07+2.62 · n=29 | 12.86+2.86 · n=29 | 12.76+3.17 · n=29 | 12.31+3.97 · n=29 | |
| KORD | — | 4.87+0.17 · n=29 | 5.65+0.41 · n=29 | 6.28+0.34 · n=29 | 7.65+0.27 · n=29 | 7.54+0.23 · n=29 | 7.34+0.03 · n=29 | 7.68−0.25 · n=29 | 7.46−0.28 · n=29 | 7.18−0.14 · n=29 | |
| KPHL | — | 5.59+0.07 · n=29 | 6.72−0.03 · n=29 | 8.10+0.11 · n=29 | 7.34+0.52 · n=29 | 7.14+0.66 · n=29 | 6.42+0.62 · n=29 | 6.80+0.66 · n=29 | 7.28+0.80 · n=29 | 8.10+1.14 · n=29 | |
| KPHX | — | 4.00−0.20 · n=29 | 6.86+0.17 · n=29 | 8.34+0.76 · n=29 | 8.10+1.35 · n=29 | 7.58+1.52 · n=29 | 8.31+1.90 · n=29 | 9.42+2.31 · n=29 | 10.21+2.62 · n=29 | 10.41+3.04 · n=29 | |
| KSAN | — | 4.24+0.17 · n=29 | 6.97+0.21 · n=29 | 9.24+0.35 · n=29 | 10.58+0.52 · n=29 | 11.59+0.69 · n=29 | 12.14+0.83 · n=29 | 12.00+0.83 · n=29 | 11.35+0.86 · n=29 | 10.07+0.69 · n=29 | |
| KSAT | — | 3.03+0.36 · n=29 | 4.75+0.91 · n=29 | 6.26+1.29 · n=29 | 7.26+1.67 · n=29 | 7.81+2.02 · n=29 | 8.33+2.36 · n=29 | 8.40+2.78 · n=29 | 8.78+3.15 · n=29 | 8.60+3.81 · n=29 | |
| KSEA | — | 3.07+0.31 · n=29 | 4.02+0.61 · n=29 | 4.92+0.78 · n=29 | 4.95+0.99 · n=29 | 5.33+1.06 · n=29 | 5.78+1.44 · n=29 | 5.71+1.57 · n=29 | 5.47+1.75 · n=29 | 5.61+2.02 · n=29 | |
| KSFO | — | 4.72−0.04 · n=29 | 7.02−0.08 · n=29 | 7.61−0.26 · n=29 | 8.53−0.26 · n=29 | 9.33+0.02 · n=29 | 9.64+0.54 · n=29 | 9.60+0.47 · n=29 | 8.60+0.43 · n=29 | 7.57+0.47 · n=29 | |
| KTTN | — | 6.14+0.00 · n=29 | 7.17−0.14 · n=29 | 8.41−0.14 · n=29 | 7.86+0.07 · n=29 | 7.62+0.24 · n=29 | 6.66+0.24 · n=29 | 7.21+0.24 · n=29 | 7.66+0.35 · n=29 | 8.31+0.59 · n=29 |
Sampled daily minimum — MAE °F by stationtmin_s
Scored against the minimum of the four *observed* samples on the same day.
| Station | d0 | d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | d5 | d6 | d7 | d8 | d9 | lead 1–9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KATL | — | 3.08+0.12 · n=29 | 4.85+0.19 · n=29 | 5.99+0.50 · n=29 | 6.50+0.84 · n=29 | 6.61+1.12 · n=29 | 7.50+1.91 · n=29 | 8.06+2.57 · n=29 | 8.64+3.29 · n=29 | 8.06+4.15 · n=29 | |
| KAUS | — | 4.54+0.35 · n=29 | 6.27+0.77 · n=29 | 7.44+1.18 · n=29 | 8.92+1.83 · n=29 | 9.96+2.46 · n=29 | 10.30+3.14 · n=29 | 9.82+3.97 · n=29 | 9.89+4.73 · n=29 | 8.89+5.52 · n=29 | |
| KBOS | — | 4.04+0.33 · n=27 | 5.37+0.71 · n=27 | 5.89+1.30 · n=27 | 6.04+2.04 · n=27 | 6.07+2.00 · n=27 | 5.72+1.93 · n=28 | 6.75+2.18 · n=28 | 6.89+2.39 · n=28 | 7.21+3.07 · n=28 | |
| KDCA | — | 3.92+0.35 · n=29 | 5.27+0.87 · n=29 | 5.41+1.35 · n=29 | 6.20+1.80 · n=29 | 7.27+1.90 · n=29 | 7.44+2.21 · n=29 | 7.72+2.56 · n=29 | 7.99+3.11 · n=29 | 8.44+4.11 · n=29 | |
| KDEN | — | 5.19+0.78 · n=29 | 6.54+1.37 · n=29 | 7.61+1.81 · n=29 | 9.26+2.30 · n=29 | 8.74+2.19 · n=29 | 9.19+2.23 · n=29 | 9.02+2.33 · n=29 | 7.78+2.40 · n=29 | 7.30+2.61 · n=29 | |
| KDFW | — | 3.14+0.44 · n=29 | 5.11+0.89 · n=29 | 7.18+1.30 · n=29 | 8.49+1.72 · n=29 | 9.25+2.41 · n=29 | 9.35+3.06 · n=29 | 9.97+3.61 · n=29 | 10.04+4.23 · n=29 | 9.73+5.17 · n=29 | |
| KEWR | — | 4.30+0.25 · n=29 | 5.75+0.73 · n=29 | 6.41+1.32 · n=29 | 7.34+1.83 · n=29 | 7.30+2.08 · n=29 | 7.51+2.35 · n=29 | 7.92+2.70 · n=29 | 8.30+3.21 · n=29 | 8.58+3.97 · n=29 | |
| KIAH | — | 3.50+0.37 · n=29 | 5.46+0.81 · n=29 | 6.70+1.16 · n=29 | 7.29+1.54 · n=29 | 7.57+2.30 · n=29 | 7.09+2.95 · n=29 | 7.57+3.33 · n=29 | 7.74+3.99 · n=29 | 7.63+4.64 · n=29 | |
| KLAS | — | 3.24+0.35 · n=29 | 4.58+1.07 · n=29 | 5.76+1.83 · n=29 | 6.48+2.21 · n=29 | 7.18+2.76 · n=29 | 7.35+3.14 · n=29 | 6.97+3.11 · n=29 | 6.69+3.45 · n=29 | 7.11+3.80 · n=29 | |
| KLAX | — | 3.09+0.22 · n=29 | 4.88+0.53 · n=29 | 6.21+0.67 · n=29 | 6.97+0.94 · n=29 | 7.35+1.26 · n=29 | 7.17+1.46 · n=29 | 6.93+1.50 · n=29 | 6.66+1.63 · n=29 | 5.93+1.67 · n=29 | |
| KMIA | — | 1.76+0.03 · n=29 | 2.48+0.14 · n=29 | 2.62+0.28 · n=29 | 2.79+0.52 · n=29 | 3.14+0.72 · n=29 | 3.28+0.86 · n=29 | 3.52+1.10 · n=29 | 4.10+1.21 · n=29 | 4.07+1.17 · n=29 | |
| KMSP | — | 5.45+0.48 · n=29 | 8.10+1.00 · n=29 | 8.58+1.34 · n=29 | 8.83+1.38 · n=29 | 8.86+1.27 · n=29 | 9.00+1.27 · n=29 | 9.62+1.34 · n=29 | 10.24+1.48 · n=29 | 9.03+1.86 · n=29 | |
| KMSY | — | 2.73+0.24 · n=29 | 3.96+0.52 · n=29 | 4.69+0.69 · n=29 | 5.10+1.38 · n=29 | 5.03+2.07 · n=29 | 5.20+2.73 · n=29 | 5.48+3.28 · n=29 | 6.65+3.69 · n=29 | 6.83+4.28 · n=29 | |
| KNYC | — | 4.43+0.29 · n=28 | 5.82+0.82 · n=28 | 6.21+1.21 · n=28 | 7.25+1.46 · n=28 | 6.96+1.61 · n=28 | 7.18+1.82 · n=28 | 7.39+2.11 · n=28 | 7.68+2.61 · n=28 | 7.79+3.36 · n=28 | |
| KOKC | — | 4.15+0.40 · n=29 | 6.74+0.88 · n=29 | 7.60+1.30 · n=29 | 7.67+1.85 · n=29 | 8.26+2.43 · n=29 | 9.12+2.81 · n=29 | 9.84+3.40 · n=29 | 9.63+4.09 · n=29 | 9.43+5.06 · n=29 | |
| KORD | — | 4.39−0.06 · n=29 | 5.69−0.24 · n=29 | 6.79−0.24 · n=29 | 8.14+0.07 · n=29 | 8.34+0.41 · n=29 | 8.45+0.72 · n=29 | 8.93+1.14 · n=29 | 9.07+1.62 · n=29 | 8.90+2.28 · n=29 | |
| KPHL | — | 3.94+0.19 · n=29 | 5.98+0.57 · n=29 | 6.53+1.12 · n=29 | 7.12+1.78 · n=29 | 7.81+1.92 · n=29 | 8.01+2.26 · n=29 | 8.08+2.61 · n=29 | 8.70+3.16 · n=29 | 8.53+3.95 · n=29 | |
| KPHX | — | 3.43+0.32 · n=29 | 5.85+0.91 · n=29 | 7.15+1.57 · n=29 | 7.46+1.94 · n=29 | 7.63+2.39 · n=29 | 8.19+2.74 · n=29 | 9.19+2.98 · n=29 | 9.43+3.29 · n=29 | 8.88+3.77 · n=29 | |
| KSAN | — | 3.13+0.32 · n=29 | 3.97+0.73 · n=29 | 4.59+0.94 · n=29 | 5.66+1.25 · n=29 | 6.04+1.49 · n=29 | 6.18+1.63 · n=29 | 6.46+1.83 · n=29 | 5.94+1.94 · n=29 | 5.56+2.11 · n=29 | |
| KSAT | — | 3.84+0.37 · n=29 | 5.50+0.74 · n=29 | 7.05+1.16 · n=29 | 8.26+1.61 · n=29 | 9.60+2.19 · n=29 | 9.81+2.81 · n=29 | 9.53+3.57 · n=29 | 9.39+4.26 · n=29 | 8.63+5.02 · n=29 | |
| KSEA | — | 3.30−0.01 · n=29 | 3.63−0.04 · n=29 | 3.83−0.04 · n=29 | 3.94+0.27 · n=29 | 3.89+0.51 · n=29 | 3.70+0.65 · n=29 | 3.80+1.03 · n=29 | 4.14+1.17 · n=29 | 3.94+1.37 · n=29 | |
| KSFO | — | 2.45+0.04 · n=29 | 3.45+0.14 · n=29 | 3.89+0.31 · n=29 | 3.86+0.55 · n=29 | 4.24+0.66 · n=29 | 4.04+0.52 · n=29 | 4.07+0.35 · n=29 | 3.93+0.42 · n=29 | 3.86+0.42 · n=29 | |
| KTTN | — | 5.27+0.25 · n=29 | 6.75+0.83 · n=29 | 6.86+1.56 · n=29 | 7.44+2.28 · n=29 | 8.61+2.42 · n=29 | 8.65+2.94 · n=29 | 8.41+3.32 · n=29 | 8.99+3.83 · n=29 | 9.20+4.66 · n=29 |
Against the NWS daily extremes (secondary)
This comparison scores four 6-hourly forecast samples against the true daily extreme, so it includes a sampling penalty. The size of that penalty depends on each model's own diurnal amplitude, which is one of the things this site measures, so these numbers are published for operational relevance and are never used for ranking.
Daily maximum vs NWS CLI
| Station | d0 | d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | d5 | d6 | d7 | d8 | d9 | lead 1–9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KATL | — | 3.79+0.21 · n=29 | 6.21+0.55 · n=29 | 8.10+0.93 · n=29 | 8.28+1.17 · n=29 | 8.45+1.07 · n=29 | 7.62+1.28 · n=29 | 7.03+1.66 · n=29 | 7.17+2.14 · n=29 | 7.83+2.79 · n=29 | |
| KAUS | — | 3.41+0.52 · n=29 | 5.83+1.14 · n=29 | 8.10+1.55 · n=29 | 9.28+1.90 · n=29 | 9.66+2.28 · n=29 | 10.00+2.62 · n=29 | 10.03+3.14 · n=29 | 10.28+3.72 · n=29 | 10.34+4.34 · n=29 | |
| KBOS | — | 8.17+0.03 · n=29 | 7.79−0.41 · n=29 | 8.10−0.45 · n=29 | 7.55−0.17 · n=29 | 8.24+0.24 · n=29 | 7.38+0.21 · n=29 | 7.62+0.45 · n=29 | 8.28+0.55 · n=29 | 8.31+0.79 · n=29 | |
| KDCA | — | 5.83−0.03 · n=29 | 8.45−0.24 · n=29 | 9.21−0.17 · n=29 | 9.55+0.24 · n=29 | 8.97+0.34 · n=29 | 7.72+0.21 · n=29 | 7.48+0.10 · n=29 | 8.93+0.17 · n=29 | 10.62+0.69 · n=29 | |
| KDEN | — | 5.76+0.24 · n=29 | 8.76+1.24 · n=29 | 11.14+2.03 · n=29 | 12.83+2.69 · n=29 | 12.14+2.48 · n=29 | 11.79+2.41 · n=29 | 13.24+2.69 · n=29 | 12.83+2.76 · n=29 | 12.45+2.86 · n=29 | |
| KDFW | — | 3.45+0.34 · n=29 | 6.03+0.86 · n=29 | 7.93+1.31 · n=29 | 9.38+1.59 · n=29 | 9.97+1.90 · n=29 | 10.83+2.41 · n=29 | 11.34+2.93 · n=29 | 11.62+3.55 · n=29 | 11.59+4.21 · n=29 | |
| KEWR | — | 6.79+0.03 · n=29 | 7.45−0.28 · n=29 | 8.48−0.48 · n=29 | 8.00−0.28 · n=29 | 8.55−0.07 · n=29 | 6.83−0.07 · n=29 | 7.31+0.07 · n=29 | 7.48+0.24 · n=29 | 8.00+0.41 · n=29 | |
| KIAH | — | 3.62+0.72 · n=29 | 4.45+1.07 · n=29 | 5.45+1.38 · n=29 | 5.90+1.62 · n=29 | 6.10+1.97 · n=29 | 6.24+2.38 · n=29 | 6.34+2.83 · n=29 | 6.45+3.34 · n=29 | 6.07+3.86 · n=29 | |
| KLAS | — | 4.10+0.03 · n=29 | 6.90+0.55 · n=29 | 7.86+1.31 · n=29 | 8.45+2.10 · n=29 | 8.48+2.97 · n=29 | 8.76+3.52 · n=29 | 9.24+3.66 · n=29 | 9.76+3.97 · n=29 | 10.31+4.45 · n=29 | |
| KLAX | — | 5.03+0.07 · n=29 | 7.86+0.34 · n=29 | 10.17+0.45 · n=29 | 12.14+0.48 · n=29 | 12.55+0.69 · n=29 | 12.76+0.90 · n=29 | 13.07+1.00 · n=29 | 12.14+0.83 · n=29 | 11.45+0.76 · n=29 | |
| KMIA | — | 1.66+0.21 · n=29 | 2.14+0.41 · n=29 | 2.41+0.62 · n=29 | 2.66+0.86 · n=29 | 3.03+1.17 · n=29 | 3.14+1.28 · n=29 | 3.24+1.45 · n=29 | 3.41+1.55 · n=29 | 3.97+1.69 · n=29 | |
| KMSP | — | 6.52+0.38 · n=29 | 9.48+1.07 · n=29 | 11.34+1.28 · n=29 | 12.38+1.14 · n=29 | 12.38+0.86 · n=29 | 11.90+0.66 · n=29 | 13.17+0.41 · n=29 | 12.72+0.17 · n=29 | 11.34+0.17 · n=29 | |
| KMSY | — | 2.45+0.38 · n=29 | 3.97+0.72 · n=29 | 4.72+1.07 · n=29 | 5.17+1.31 · n=29 | 5.48+1.55 · n=29 | 5.55+1.90 · n=29 | 5.31+2.34 · n=29 | 5.45+2.83 · n=29 | 5.66+3.38 · n=29 | |
| KNYC | — | 6.24+0.03 · n=29 | 6.38−0.17 · n=29 | 7.66−0.28 · n=29 | 7.00+0.03 · n=29 | 7.52+0.28 · n=29 | 6.21+0.28 · n=29 | 6.83+0.48 · n=29 | 6.38+0.66 · n=29 | 7.17+0.90 · n=29 | |
| KOKC | — | 3.97+0.45 · n=29 | 6.72+1.07 · n=29 | 8.90+1.59 · n=29 | 10.62+2.00 · n=29 | 12.10+2.45 · n=29 | 12.62+2.90 · n=29 | 13.28+3.21 · n=29 | 13.31+3.52 · n=29 | 12.90+4.28 · n=29 | |
| KORD | — | 4.76+0.14 · n=29 | 6.00+0.48 · n=29 | 6.55+0.34 · n=29 | 7.86+0.14 · n=29 | 8.10+0.10 · n=29 | 8.14−0.07 · n=29 | 8.48−0.34 · n=29 | 8.31−0.45 · n=29 | 7.93−0.41 · n=29 | |
| KPHL | — | 5.90+0.10 · n=29 | 7.00−0.03 · n=29 | 8.45+0.03 · n=29 | 8.10+0.45 · n=29 | 7.55+0.66 · n=29 | 6.31+0.66 · n=29 | 6.83+0.62 · n=29 | 7.72+0.76 · n=29 | 8.86+1.14 · n=29 | |
| KPHX | — | 3.66−0.14 · n=29 | 6.90+0.21 · n=29 | 8.59+0.79 · n=29 | 8.59+1.41 · n=29 | 8.59+1.62 · n=29 | 9.00+1.97 · n=29 | 9.97+2.24 · n=29 | 10.55+2.55 · n=29 | 10.66+3.00 · n=29 | |
| KSAN | — | 4.31+0.10 · n=29 | 7.48+0.17 · n=29 | 9.90+0.24 · n=29 | 11.59+0.41 · n=29 | 12.62+0.62 · n=29 | 12.83+0.76 · n=29 | 12.69+0.83 · n=29 | 12.21+0.83 · n=29 | 10.93+0.66 · n=29 | |
| KSAT | — | 3.03+0.48 · n=29 | 5.03+1.03 · n=29 | 6.90+1.52 · n=29 | 7.90+1.90 · n=29 | 8.48+2.28 · n=29 | 8.59+2.66 · n=29 | 8.62+3.10 · n=29 | 9.03+3.66 · n=29 | 9.28+4.17 · n=29 | |
| KSEA | — | 2.79+0.24 · n=29 | 3.93+0.48 · n=29 | 4.62+0.69 · n=29 | 5.00+0.93 · n=29 | 5.38+1.10 · n=29 | 5.41+1.34 · n=29 | 5.28+1.48 · n=29 | 5.31+1.66 · n=29 | 5.38+1.93 · n=29 | |
| KSFO | — | 4.59+0.10 · n=29 | 7.52+0.00 · n=29 | 8.31−0.17 · n=29 | 9.17−0.28 · n=29 | 9.59−0.00 · n=29 | 9.21+0.52 · n=29 | 8.79+0.59 · n=29 | 8.24+0.59 · n=29 | 8.14+0.55 · n=29 | |
| KTTN | — | 6.52+0.10 · n=29 | 7.28−0.10 · n=29 | 8.59−0.17 · n=29 | 8.10+0.10 · n=29 | 8.31+0.24 · n=29 | 7.00+0.24 · n=29 | 7.38+0.21 · n=29 | 7.86+0.34 · n=29 | 8.31+0.59 · n=29 |
Daily minimum vs NWS CLI
| Station | d0 | d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | d5 | d6 | d7 | d8 | d9 | lead 1–9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KATL | — | 2.72+0.17 · n=29 | 4.03+0.24 · n=29 | 5.21+0.52 · n=29 | 6.00+0.83 · n=29 | 6.69+1.10 · n=29 | 7.31+1.72 · n=29 | 7.79+2.48 · n=29 | 7.76+3.28 · n=29 | 7.41+4.17 · n=29 | |
| KAUS | — | 4.41+0.34 · n=29 | 6.28+0.83 · n=29 | 7.97+1.28 · n=29 | 9.59+1.93 · n=29 | 10.72+2.59 · n=29 | 10.76+3.31 · n=29 | 10.48+4.14 · n=29 | 10.17+4.86 · n=29 | 9.31+5.66 · n=29 | |
| KBOS | — | 4.17+0.45 · n=29 | 6.10+0.86 · n=29 | 6.83+1.38 · n=29 | 6.90+1.79 · n=29 | 6.83+2.00 · n=29 | 6.34+2.14 · n=29 | 7.00+2.38 · n=29 | 7.52+2.76 · n=29 | 7.76+3.28 · n=29 | |
| KDCA | — | 3.97+0.38 · n=29 | 5.24+0.90 · n=29 | 5.41+1.41 · n=29 | 6.45+1.83 · n=29 | 7.48+1.97 · n=29 | 7.86+2.34 · n=29 | 8.00+2.69 · n=29 | 8.34+3.31 · n=29 | 8.79+4.38 · n=29 | |
| KDEN | — | 4.69+0.76 · n=29 | 6.31+1.28 · n=29 | 8.21+1.86 · n=29 | 9.79+2.34 · n=29 | 9.69+2.31 · n=29 | 9.93+2.34 · n=29 | 9.38+2.41 · n=29 | 8.10+2.38 · n=29 | 7.66+2.48 · n=29 | |
| KDFW | — | 3.24+0.48 · n=29 | 5.28+1.00 · n=29 | 7.21+1.41 · n=29 | 8.62+1.86 · n=29 | 9.03+2.55 · n=29 | 9.28+3.21 · n=29 | 9.69+3.83 · n=29 | 9.97+4.45 · n=29 | 9.72+5.38 · n=29 | |
| KEWR | — | 4.48+0.41 · n=29 | 6.00+1.03 · n=29 | 7.10+1.66 · n=29 | 7.83+2.24 · n=29 | 8.21+2.48 · n=29 | 8.17+2.72 · n=29 | 8.14+3.03 · n=29 | 8.28+3.59 · n=29 | 8.90+4.41 · n=29 | |
| KIAH | — | 3.31+0.48 · n=29 | 4.66+0.93 · n=29 | 6.07+1.31 · n=29 | 6.62+1.72 · n=29 | 6.72+2.45 · n=29 | 6.38+3.14 · n=29 | 6.76+3.59 · n=29 | 7.24+4.28 · n=29 | 7.07+4.93 · n=29 | |
| KLAS | — | 2.62+0.21 · n=29 | 4.34+0.90 · n=29 | 5.83+1.62 · n=29 | 6.90+2.14 · n=29 | 7.45+2.69 · n=29 | 7.93+3.10 · n=29 | 7.52+3.10 · n=29 | 7.21+3.41 · n=29 | 6.66+3.69 · n=29 | |
| KLAX | — | 2.93+0.24 · n=29 | 4.55+0.62 · n=29 | 5.69+0.79 · n=29 | 6.72+1.14 · n=29 | 7.48+1.48 · n=29 | 7.24+1.66 · n=29 | 7.00+1.69 · n=29 | 6.72+1.83 · n=29 | 5.97+1.90 · n=29 | |
| KMIA | — | 2.10+0.03 · n=29 | 2.34+0.14 · n=29 | 2.55+0.28 · n=29 | 3.21+0.52 · n=29 | 3.34+0.72 · n=29 | 3.48+0.86 · n=29 | 3.45+1.10 · n=29 | 3.55+1.21 · n=29 | 3.79+1.17 · n=29 | |
| KMSP | — | 5.34+0.38 · n=29 | 7.48+0.93 · n=29 | 7.00+1.28 · n=29 | 7.83+1.55 · n=29 | 8.38+1.48 · n=29 | 8.41+1.52 · n=29 | 8.62+1.59 · n=29 | 8.97+1.72 · n=29 | 8.24+2.10 · n=29 | |
| KMSY | — | 2.03+0.38 · n=29 | 3.21+0.66 · n=29 | 4.14+0.83 · n=29 | 4.97+1.38 · n=29 | 5.55+2.10 · n=29 | 5.90+2.79 · n=29 | 6.31+3.41 · n=29 | 6.93+3.97 · n=29 | 7.21+4.52 · n=29 | |
| KNYC | — | 3.97+0.38 · n=29 | 5.62+0.66 · n=29 | 6.31+1.07 · n=29 | 6.69+1.45 · n=29 | 6.76+1.66 · n=29 | 6.76+1.86 · n=29 | 7.14+2.17 · n=29 | 7.24+2.55 · n=29 | 7.69+3.07 · n=29 | |
| KOKC | — | 3.69+0.45 · n=29 | 6.21+0.90 · n=29 | 7.31+1.38 · n=29 | 7.59+1.93 · n=29 | 8.17+2.52 · n=29 | 8.90+2.90 · n=29 | 9.66+3.45 · n=29 | 9.34+4.10 · n=29 | 9.07+5.00 · n=29 | |
| KORD | — | 3.97−0.03 · n=29 | 5.34−0.17 · n=29 | 6.55−0.21 · n=29 | 7.93−0.00 · n=29 | 8.59+0.38 · n=29 | 8.59+0.72 · n=29 | 8.72+1.14 · n=29 | 8.97+1.66 · n=29 | 8.97+2.28 · n=29 | |
| KPHL | — | 3.90+0.38 · n=29 | 6.17+0.79 · n=29 | 6.86+1.41 · n=29 | 7.55+2.03 · n=29 | 8.03+2.38 · n=29 | 8.38+2.72 · n=29 | 8.55+3.10 · n=29 | 8.97+3.66 · n=29 | 9.21+4.52 · n=29 | |
| KPHX | — | 3.41+0.24 · n=29 | 5.83+0.86 · n=29 | 7.14+1.48 · n=29 | 7.72+1.86 · n=29 | 7.86+2.28 · n=29 | 8.41+2.69 · n=29 | 9.17+2.83 · n=29 | 9.41+3.21 · n=29 | 9.10+3.66 · n=29 | |
| KSAN | — | 2.24+0.24 · n=29 | 3.38+0.69 · n=29 | 3.93+0.90 · n=29 | 4.83+1.17 · n=29 | 5.24+1.45 · n=29 | 5.41+1.55 · n=29 | 5.48+1.76 · n=29 | 5.24+1.93 · n=29 | 5.17+2.14 · n=29 | |
| KSAT | — | 4.31+0.31 · n=29 | 5.93+0.62 · n=29 | 7.24+0.97 · n=29 | 8.45+1.41 · n=29 | 9.55+2.03 · n=29 | 9.55+2.59 · n=29 | 9.76+3.34 · n=29 | 9.52+4.07 · n=29 | 8.86+4.79 · n=29 | |
| KSEA | — | 2.86−0.03 · n=29 | 3.31−0.07 · n=29 | 3.34−0.03 · n=29 | 3.83+0.31 · n=29 | 3.86+0.55 · n=29 | 3.41+0.79 · n=29 | 3.83+1.21 · n=29 | 3.97+1.41 · n=29 | 3.90+1.55 · n=29 | |
| KSFO | — | 2.24+0.03 · n=29 | 3.45+0.14 · n=29 | 3.76+0.31 · n=29 | 3.72+0.55 · n=29 | 4.03+0.66 · n=29 | 3.79+0.55 · n=29 | 3.90+0.45 · n=29 | 4.00+0.55 · n=29 | 3.69+0.59 · n=29 | |
| KTTN | — | 4.93+0.52 · n=29 | 6.66+1.28 · n=29 | 7.48+2.03 · n=29 | 8.03+2.79 · n=29 | 8.66+3.21 · n=29 | 9.41+3.69 · n=29 | 9.24+4.07 · n=29 | 9.66+4.69 · n=29 | 10.38+5.62 · n=29 |
Native daily maximum vs NWS CLI
| Station | d0 | d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | d5 | d6 | d7 | d8 | d9 | lead 1–9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KATL | — | 3.79+0.21 · n=29 | 6.21+0.55 · n=29 | 8.10+0.93 · n=29 | 8.28+1.17 · n=29 | 8.45+1.07 · n=29 | 7.62+1.28 · n=29 | 7.03+1.66 · n=29 | 7.17+2.14 · n=29 | 7.83+2.79 · n=29 | |
| KAUS | — | 3.41+0.52 · n=29 | 5.83+1.14 · n=29 | 8.10+1.55 · n=29 | 9.28+1.90 · n=29 | 9.66+2.28 · n=29 | 10.00+2.62 · n=29 | 10.03+3.14 · n=29 | 10.28+3.72 · n=29 | 10.34+4.34 · n=29 | |
| KBOS | — | 8.17+0.03 · n=29 | 7.79−0.41 · n=29 | 8.10−0.45 · n=29 | 7.55−0.17 · n=29 | 8.24+0.24 · n=29 | 7.38+0.21 · n=29 | 7.62+0.45 · n=29 | 8.28+0.55 · n=29 | 8.31+0.79 · n=29 | |
| KDCA | — | 5.83−0.03 · n=29 | 8.45−0.24 · n=29 | 9.21−0.17 · n=29 | 9.55+0.24 · n=29 | 8.97+0.34 · n=29 | 7.72+0.21 · n=29 | 7.48+0.10 · n=29 | 8.93+0.17 · n=29 | 10.62+0.69 · n=29 | |
| KDEN | — | 5.76+0.24 · n=29 | 8.76+1.24 · n=29 | 11.14+2.03 · n=29 | 12.83+2.69 · n=29 | 12.14+2.48 · n=29 | 11.79+2.41 · n=29 | 13.24+2.69 · n=29 | 12.83+2.76 · n=29 | 12.45+2.86 · n=29 | |
| KDFW | — | 3.45+0.34 · n=29 | 6.03+0.86 · n=29 | 7.93+1.31 · n=29 | 9.38+1.59 · n=29 | 9.97+1.90 · n=29 | 10.83+2.41 · n=29 | 11.34+2.93 · n=29 | 11.62+3.55 · n=29 | 11.59+4.21 · n=29 | |
| KEWR | — | 6.79+0.03 · n=29 | 7.45−0.28 · n=29 | 8.48−0.48 · n=29 | 8.00−0.28 · n=29 | 8.55−0.07 · n=29 | 6.83−0.07 · n=29 | 7.31+0.07 · n=29 | 7.48+0.24 · n=29 | 8.00+0.41 · n=29 | |
| KIAH | — | 3.62+0.72 · n=29 | 4.45+1.07 · n=29 | 5.45+1.38 · n=29 | 5.90+1.62 · n=29 | 6.10+1.97 · n=29 | 6.24+2.38 · n=29 | 6.34+2.83 · n=29 | 6.45+3.34 · n=29 | 6.07+3.86 · n=29 | |
| KLAS | — | 4.10+0.03 · n=29 | 6.90+0.55 · n=29 | 7.86+1.31 · n=29 | 8.45+2.10 · n=29 | 8.48+2.97 · n=29 | 8.76+3.52 · n=29 | 9.24+3.66 · n=29 | 9.76+3.97 · n=29 | 10.31+4.45 · n=29 | |
| KLAX | — | 5.03+0.07 · n=29 | 7.86+0.34 · n=29 | 10.17+0.45 · n=29 | 12.14+0.48 · n=29 | 12.55+0.69 · n=29 | 12.76+0.90 · n=29 | 13.07+1.00 · n=29 | 12.14+0.83 · n=29 | 11.45+0.76 · n=29 | |
| KMIA | — | 1.66+0.21 · n=29 | 2.14+0.41 · n=29 | 2.41+0.62 · n=29 | 2.66+0.86 · n=29 | 3.03+1.17 · n=29 | 3.14+1.28 · n=29 | 3.24+1.45 · n=29 | 3.41+1.55 · n=29 | 3.97+1.69 · n=29 | |
| KMSP | — | 6.52+0.38 · n=29 | 9.48+1.07 · n=29 | 11.34+1.28 · n=29 | 12.38+1.14 · n=29 | 12.38+0.86 · n=29 | 11.90+0.66 · n=29 | 13.17+0.41 · n=29 | 12.72+0.17 · n=29 | 11.34+0.17 · n=29 | |
| KMSY | — | 2.45+0.38 · n=29 | 3.97+0.72 · n=29 | 4.72+1.07 · n=29 | 5.17+1.31 · n=29 | 5.48+1.55 · n=29 | 5.55+1.90 · n=29 | 5.31+2.34 · n=29 | 5.45+2.83 · n=29 | 5.66+3.38 · n=29 | |
| KNYC | — | 6.24+0.03 · n=29 | 6.38−0.17 · n=29 | 7.66−0.28 · n=29 | 7.00+0.03 · n=29 | 7.52+0.28 · n=29 | 6.21+0.28 · n=29 | 6.83+0.48 · n=29 | 6.38+0.66 · n=29 | 7.17+0.90 · n=29 | |
| KOKC | — | 3.97+0.45 · n=29 | 6.72+1.07 · n=29 | 8.90+1.59 · n=29 | 10.62+2.00 · n=29 | 12.10+2.45 · n=29 | 12.62+2.90 · n=29 | 13.28+3.21 · n=29 | 13.31+3.52 · n=29 | 12.90+4.28 · n=29 | |
| KORD | — | 4.76+0.14 · n=29 | 6.00+0.48 · n=29 | 6.55+0.34 · n=29 | 7.86+0.14 · n=29 | 8.10+0.10 · n=29 | 8.14−0.07 · n=29 | 8.48−0.34 · n=29 | 8.31−0.45 · n=29 | 7.93−0.41 · n=29 | |
| KPHL | — | 5.90+0.10 · n=29 | 7.00−0.03 · n=29 | 8.45+0.03 · n=29 | 8.10+0.45 · n=29 | 7.55+0.66 · n=29 | 6.31+0.66 · n=29 | 6.83+0.62 · n=29 | 7.72+0.76 · n=29 | 8.86+1.14 · n=29 | |
| KPHX | — | 3.66−0.14 · n=29 | 6.90+0.21 · n=29 | 8.59+0.79 · n=29 | 8.59+1.41 · n=29 | 8.59+1.62 · n=29 | 9.00+1.97 · n=29 | 9.97+2.24 · n=29 | 10.55+2.55 · n=29 | 10.66+3.00 · n=29 | |
| KSAN | — | 4.31+0.10 · n=29 | 7.48+0.17 · n=29 | 9.90+0.24 · n=29 | 11.59+0.41 · n=29 | 12.62+0.62 · n=29 | 12.83+0.76 · n=29 | 12.69+0.83 · n=29 | 12.21+0.83 · n=29 | 10.93+0.66 · n=29 | |
| KSAT | — | 3.03+0.48 · n=29 | 5.03+1.03 · n=29 | 6.90+1.52 · n=29 | 7.90+1.90 · n=29 | 8.48+2.28 · n=29 | 8.59+2.66 · n=29 | 8.62+3.10 · n=29 | 9.03+3.66 · n=29 | 9.28+4.17 · n=29 | |
| KSEA | — | 2.79+0.24 · n=29 | 3.93+0.48 · n=29 | 4.62+0.69 · n=29 | 5.00+0.93 · n=29 | 5.38+1.10 · n=29 | 5.41+1.34 · n=29 | 5.28+1.48 · n=29 | 5.31+1.66 · n=29 | 5.38+1.93 · n=29 | |
| KSFO | — | 4.59+0.10 · n=29 | 7.52+0.00 · n=29 | 8.31−0.17 · n=29 | 9.17−0.28 · n=29 | 9.59−0.00 · n=29 | 9.21+0.52 · n=29 | 8.79+0.59 · n=29 | 8.24+0.59 · n=29 | 8.14+0.55 · n=29 | |
| KTTN | — | 6.52+0.10 · n=29 | 7.28−0.10 · n=29 | 8.59−0.17 · n=29 | 8.10+0.10 · n=29 | 8.31+0.24 · n=29 | 7.00+0.24 · n=29 | 7.38+0.21 · n=29 | 7.86+0.34 · n=29 | 8.31+0.59 · n=29 |
Native daily minimum vs NWS CLI
| Station | d0 | d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | d5 | d6 | d7 | d8 | d9 | lead 1–9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KATL | — | 2.72+0.17 · n=29 | 4.03+0.24 · n=29 | 5.21+0.52 · n=29 | 6.00+0.83 · n=29 | 6.69+1.10 · n=29 | 7.31+1.72 · n=29 | 7.79+2.48 · n=29 | 7.76+3.28 · n=29 | 7.41+4.17 · n=29 | |
| KAUS | — | 4.41+0.34 · n=29 | 6.28+0.83 · n=29 | 7.97+1.28 · n=29 | 9.59+1.93 · n=29 | 10.72+2.59 · n=29 | 10.76+3.31 · n=29 | 10.48+4.14 · n=29 | 10.17+4.86 · n=29 | 9.31+5.66 · n=29 | |
| KBOS | — | 4.17+0.45 · n=29 | 6.10+0.86 · n=29 | 6.83+1.38 · n=29 | 6.90+1.79 · n=29 | 6.83+2.00 · n=29 | 6.34+2.14 · n=29 | 7.00+2.38 · n=29 | 7.52+2.76 · n=29 | 7.76+3.28 · n=29 | |
| KDCA | — | 3.97+0.38 · n=29 | 5.24+0.90 · n=29 | 5.41+1.41 · n=29 | 6.45+1.83 · n=29 | 7.48+1.97 · n=29 | 7.86+2.34 · n=29 | 8.00+2.69 · n=29 | 8.34+3.31 · n=29 | 8.79+4.38 · n=29 | |
| KDEN | — | 4.69+0.76 · n=29 | 6.31+1.28 · n=29 | 8.21+1.86 · n=29 | 9.79+2.34 · n=29 | 9.69+2.31 · n=29 | 9.93+2.34 · n=29 | 9.38+2.41 · n=29 | 8.10+2.38 · n=29 | 7.66+2.48 · n=29 | |
| KDFW | — | 3.24+0.48 · n=29 | 5.28+1.00 · n=29 | 7.21+1.41 · n=29 | 8.62+1.86 · n=29 | 9.03+2.55 · n=29 | 9.28+3.21 · n=29 | 9.69+3.83 · n=29 | 9.97+4.45 · n=29 | 9.72+5.38 · n=29 | |
| KEWR | — | 4.48+0.41 · n=29 | 6.00+1.03 · n=29 | 7.10+1.66 · n=29 | 7.83+2.24 · n=29 | 8.21+2.48 · n=29 | 8.17+2.72 · n=29 | 8.14+3.03 · n=29 | 8.28+3.59 · n=29 | 8.90+4.41 · n=29 | |
| KIAH | — | 3.31+0.48 · n=29 | 4.66+0.93 · n=29 | 6.07+1.31 · n=29 | 6.62+1.72 · n=29 | 6.72+2.45 · n=29 | 6.38+3.14 · n=29 | 6.76+3.59 · n=29 | 7.24+4.28 · n=29 | 7.07+4.93 · n=29 | |
| KLAS | — | 2.62+0.21 · n=29 | 4.34+0.90 · n=29 | 5.83+1.62 · n=29 | 6.90+2.14 · n=29 | 7.45+2.69 · n=29 | 7.93+3.10 · n=29 | 7.52+3.10 · n=29 | 7.21+3.41 · n=29 | 6.66+3.69 · n=29 | |
| KLAX | — | 2.93+0.24 · n=29 | 4.55+0.62 · n=29 | 5.69+0.79 · n=29 | 6.72+1.14 · n=29 | 7.48+1.48 · n=29 | 7.24+1.66 · n=29 | 7.00+1.69 · n=29 | 6.72+1.83 · n=29 | 5.97+1.90 · n=29 | |
| KMIA | — | 2.10+0.03 · n=29 | 2.34+0.14 · n=29 | 2.55+0.28 · n=29 | 3.21+0.52 · n=29 | 3.34+0.72 · n=29 | 3.48+0.86 · n=29 | 3.45+1.10 · n=29 | 3.55+1.21 · n=29 | 3.79+1.17 · n=29 | |
| KMSP | — | 5.34+0.38 · n=29 | 7.48+0.93 · n=29 | 7.00+1.28 · n=29 | 7.83+1.55 · n=29 | 8.38+1.48 · n=29 | 8.41+1.52 · n=29 | 8.62+1.59 · n=29 | 8.97+1.72 · n=29 | 8.24+2.10 · n=29 | |
| KMSY | — | 2.03+0.38 · n=29 | 3.21+0.66 · n=29 | 4.14+0.83 · n=29 | 4.97+1.38 · n=29 | 5.55+2.10 · n=29 | 5.90+2.79 · n=29 | 6.31+3.41 · n=29 | 6.93+3.97 · n=29 | 7.21+4.52 · n=29 | |
| KNYC | — | 3.97+0.38 · n=29 | 5.62+0.66 · n=29 | 6.31+1.07 · n=29 | 6.69+1.45 · n=29 | 6.76+1.66 · n=29 | 6.76+1.86 · n=29 | 7.14+2.17 · n=29 | 7.24+2.55 · n=29 | 7.69+3.07 · n=29 | |
| KOKC | — | 3.69+0.45 · n=29 | 6.21+0.90 · n=29 | 7.31+1.38 · n=29 | 7.59+1.93 · n=29 | 8.17+2.52 · n=29 | 8.90+2.90 · n=29 | 9.66+3.45 · n=29 | 9.34+4.10 · n=29 | 9.07+5.00 · n=29 | |
| KORD | — | 3.97−0.03 · n=29 | 5.34−0.17 · n=29 | 6.55−0.21 · n=29 | 7.93−0.00 · n=29 | 8.59+0.38 · n=29 | 8.59+0.72 · n=29 | 8.72+1.14 · n=29 | 8.97+1.66 · n=29 | 8.97+2.28 · n=29 | |
| KPHL | — | 3.90+0.38 · n=29 | 6.17+0.79 · n=29 | 6.86+1.41 · n=29 | 7.55+2.03 · n=29 | 8.03+2.38 · n=29 | 8.38+2.72 · n=29 | 8.55+3.10 · n=29 | 8.97+3.66 · n=29 | 9.21+4.52 · n=29 | |
| KPHX | — | 3.41+0.24 · n=29 | 5.83+0.86 · n=29 | 7.14+1.48 · n=29 | 7.72+1.86 · n=29 | 7.86+2.28 · n=29 | 8.41+2.69 · n=29 | 9.17+2.83 · n=29 | 9.41+3.21 · n=29 | 9.10+3.66 · n=29 | |
| KSAN | — | 2.24+0.24 · n=29 | 3.38+0.69 · n=29 | 3.93+0.90 · n=29 | 4.83+1.17 · n=29 | 5.24+1.45 · n=29 | 5.41+1.55 · n=29 | 5.48+1.76 · n=29 | 5.24+1.93 · n=29 | 5.17+2.14 · n=29 | |
| KSAT | — | 4.31+0.31 · n=29 | 5.93+0.62 · n=29 | 7.24+0.97 · n=29 | 8.45+1.41 · n=29 | 9.55+2.03 · n=29 | 9.55+2.59 · n=29 | 9.76+3.34 · n=29 | 9.52+4.07 · n=29 | 8.86+4.79 · n=29 | |
| KSEA | — | 2.86−0.03 · n=29 | 3.31−0.07 · n=29 | 3.34−0.03 · n=29 | 3.83+0.31 · n=29 | 3.86+0.55 · n=29 | 3.41+0.79 · n=29 | 3.83+1.21 · n=29 | 3.97+1.41 · n=29 | 3.90+1.55 · n=29 | |
| KSFO | — | 2.24+0.03 · n=29 | 3.45+0.14 · n=29 | 3.76+0.31 · n=29 | 3.72+0.55 · n=29 | 4.03+0.66 · n=29 | 3.79+0.55 · n=29 | 3.90+0.45 · n=29 | 4.00+0.55 · n=29 | 3.69+0.59 · n=29 | |
| KTTN | — | 4.93+0.52 · n=29 | 6.66+1.28 · n=29 | 7.48+2.03 · n=29 | 8.03+2.79 · n=29 | 8.66+3.21 · n=29 | 9.41+3.69 · n=29 | 9.24+4.07 · n=29 | 9.66+4.69 · n=29 | 10.38+5.62 · n=29 |
Month-by-month slices live on the canonical page: they do not depend on the window, initialization or interpolation selected here.
Source and licence
Where the numbers come from, what may be done with them, and what was — deliberately — not done to the forecast before scoring it.
Where it comes from
truth · yesterday's observation
Steps every 24 h to 240 h; sampled at 00/06/12/18 UTC only.
Licence
Derived from NWS observations; public domain.
Post-processing
None. Raw grid values, bilinear (headline) or nearest-node interpolation, no MOS, no bias correction, no downscaling.