Model
FourCastNet v2 (IFS init)
fourcastnet_ifs
source aiwp · product FOUR · initial conditions from IFS · steps every 6 h to 240 h · initializations 0, 12 UTC. Scores use the latest model version segment, FOUR_v200, starting 2026-01-01. Earlier days ran a different version of the model and are excluded rather than silently pooled into the same average.
Instantaneous temperature — MAE °F by stationt2
Scored against the observed 2 m temperature at the same instant (ASOS routine METAR). This is the headline variable: the same four instants on the forecast and the observation side. These pages are always bilinear interpolation, the headline method. The nearest-node variant, and every other window/initialization/interpolation/variable combination, is published on each permanent link below — follow any number.
| Station | d0 | d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | d5 | d6 | d7 | d8 | d9 | lead 1–9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KATL | — | 3.08−1.36 · n=29 | 2.95−0.88 · n=29 | 2.77−0.56 · n=29 | 2.69−0.80 · n=29 | 2.90−0.92 · n=29 | 3.30−0.77 · n=29 | 3.22−0.74 · n=29 | 3.77+0.11 · n=29 | 3.96+0.46 · n=29 | |
| KAUS | — | 2.59−0.37 · n=29 | 2.78−0.64 · n=29 | 2.88−0.59 · n=29 | 3.29−0.97 · n=29 | 3.71−1.18 · n=29 | 3.96−0.98 · n=29 | 4.82−0.84 · n=29 | 5.51−0.75 · n=29 | 6.29−0.57 · n=29 | |
| KBOS | — | 2.62−1.78 · n=28 | 2.60−1.65 · n=28 | 2.98−1.97 · n=28 | 2.69−1.58 · n=28 | 3.36−1.67 · n=28 | 4.14−2.39 · n=28 | 4.80−2.36 · n=28 | 4.38−1.88 · n=28 | 4.99−2.25 · n=28 | |
| KDCA | — | 1.85−0.88 · n=29 | 1.79−0.37 · n=29 | 2.00−0.63 · n=29 | 2.45−0.61 · n=29 | 3.24−0.96 · n=29 | 3.75−1.35 · n=29 | 4.17−1.80 · n=29 | 4.16−1.23 · n=29 | 4.57−1.45 · n=29 | |
| KDEN | — | 3.30−1.83 · n=29 | 3.41−1.98 · n=29 | 3.61−1.90 · n=29 | 3.82−1.85 · n=29 | 4.56−1.61 · n=29 | 5.03−1.16 · n=29 | 5.21−1.52 · n=29 | 6.78−2.12 · n=29 | 8.33−3.63 · n=29 | |
| KDFW | — | 2.93−2.51 · n=29 | 3.34−2.93 · n=29 | 3.36−2.96 · n=29 | 3.77−3.43 · n=29 | 4.05−3.61 · n=29 | 4.06−3.24 · n=29 | 5.19−3.32 · n=29 | 5.79−3.50 · n=29 | 6.31−2.96 · n=29 | |
| KEWR | — | 2.36−1.16 · n=29 | 2.47−0.87 · n=29 | 2.67−1.35 · n=29 | 2.88−1.17 · n=29 | 3.42−1.52 · n=29 | 3.98−1.97 · n=29 | 4.59−2.29 · n=29 | 4.39−1.87 · n=29 | 5.18−2.08 · n=29 | |
| KIAH | — | 2.45−0.63 · n=29 | 2.53−0.70 · n=29 | 2.67−0.69 · n=29 | 2.90−1.09 · n=29 | 3.25−1.33 · n=29 | 3.79−1.15 · n=29 | 4.15−0.89 · n=29 | 4.94−0.99 · n=29 | 5.70−1.02 · n=29 | |
| KLAS | — | 3.14−2.46 · n=29 | 3.23−2.34 · n=29 | 3.01−2.02 · n=29 | 2.82−1.67 · n=29 | 3.29−1.70 · n=29 | 4.12−1.91 · n=29 | 4.95−1.63 · n=29 | 5.01−1.65 · n=29 | 5.31−1.67 · n=29 | |
| KLAX | — | 3.53−2.44 · n=29 | 3.84−2.81 · n=29 | 4.04−2.90 · n=29 | 4.30−3.06 · n=29 | 4.34−3.05 · n=29 | 4.75−3.48 · n=29 | 5.43−3.91 · n=29 | 6.25−4.39 · n=29 | 6.55−4.33 · n=29 | |
| KMIA | — | 1.59+0.24 · n=29 | 1.69+0.19 · n=29 | 1.74+0.04 · n=29 | 1.89−0.05 · n=29 | 1.97−0.23 · n=29 | 1.99−0.44 · n=29 | 2.01−0.49 · n=29 | 2.21−0.54 · n=29 | 2.47−0.44 · n=29 | |
| KMSP | — | 3.30−2.31 · n=29 | 3.46−2.40 · n=29 | 3.45−2.43 · n=29 | 4.14−3.34 · n=29 | 4.99−3.72 · n=29 | 5.26−3.47 · n=29 | 5.64−3.09 · n=29 | 5.85−2.98 · n=29 | 7.31−4.44 · n=29 | |
| KMSY | — | 2.03−0.08 · n=29 | 2.20−0.06 · n=29 | 2.31−0.11 · n=29 | 2.52−0.20 · n=29 | 2.75−0.27 · n=29 | 3.27−0.06 · n=29 | 3.28+0.29 · n=29 | 3.98+0.65 · n=29 | 4.51+1.08 · n=29 | |
| KNYC | — | 1.93−0.42 · n=28 | 1.89−0.05 · n=28 | 2.21−0.52 · n=28 | 2.56−0.38 · n=28 | 3.08−0.74 · n=28 | 3.51−1.18 · n=28 | 4.07−1.53 · n=28 | 3.89−1.02 · n=28 | 4.44−1.23 · n=28 | |
| KOKC | — | 2.75+0.22 · n=29 | 2.91−0.30 · n=29 | 2.79−0.19 · n=29 | 2.84−0.49 · n=29 | 3.52−0.80 · n=29 | 4.50−0.50 · n=29 | 5.62−0.81 · n=29 | 5.73−0.89 · n=29 | 6.49−0.63 · n=29 | |
| KORD | — | 2.33−1.43 · n=29 | 2.52−1.13 · n=29 | 2.76−1.03 · n=29 | 3.04−1.38 · n=29 | 3.58−2.02 · n=29 | 4.12−1.92 · n=29 | 4.49−1.38 · n=29 | 4.62−1.04 · n=29 | 5.90−1.33 · n=29 | |
| KPHL | — | 2.38−1.21 · n=29 | 2.33−0.73 · n=29 | 2.47−1.13 · n=29 | 2.69−1.03 · n=29 | 3.27−1.44 · n=29 | 3.82−1.86 · n=29 | 4.37−2.18 · n=29 | 4.40−1.72 · n=29 | 4.92−1.86 · n=29 | |
| KPHX | — | 3.99−3.12 · n=29 | 3.93−2.89 · n=29 | 3.82−2.71 · n=29 | 3.94−2.43 · n=29 | 3.91−2.10 · n=29 | 4.55−2.08 · n=29 | 5.38−1.82 · n=29 | 6.12−1.53 · n=29 | 6.44−1.24 · n=29 | |
| KSAN | — | 3.38−2.23 · n=29 | 3.56−2.43 · n=29 | 3.59−2.54 · n=29 | 3.72−2.65 · n=29 | 3.89−2.59 · n=29 | 4.15−2.90 · n=29 | 4.66−3.20 · n=29 | 5.33−3.54 · n=29 | 5.69−3.57 · n=29 | |
| KSAT | — | 1.78−0.63 · n=29 | 2.07−0.95 · n=29 | 2.29−1.02 · n=29 | 2.56−1.34 · n=29 | 3.09−1.68 · n=29 | 3.34−1.66 · n=29 | 4.03−1.47 · n=29 | 4.53−1.30 · n=29 | 5.33−1.17 · n=29 | |
| KSEA | — | 2.55+0.26 · n=29 | 2.55+0.40 · n=29 | 2.77+0.56 · n=29 | 3.09+0.72 · n=29 | 3.26+0.55 · n=29 | 3.41+0.25 · n=29 | 4.01−0.04 · n=29 | 4.64−0.11 · n=29 | 4.98+0.04 · n=29 | |
| KSFO | — | 3.18−1.72 · n=29 | 3.18−1.46 · n=29 | 3.13−1.40 · n=29 | 3.16−1.45 · n=29 | 3.30−1.86 · n=29 | 3.51−2.05 · n=29 | 3.80−2.21 · n=29 | 4.56−2.31 · n=29 | 4.49−1.90 · n=29 | |
| KTTN | — | 2.70+1.85 · n=29 | 3.01+2.26 · n=29 | 2.92+1.83 · n=29 | 3.39+1.98 · n=29 | 3.86+1.61 · n=29 | 4.21+1.19 · n=29 | 4.69+0.85 · n=29 | 4.89+1.30 · n=29 | 4.97+1.13 · n=29 |
+ model too warm − model too cold bias interval includes zero ★ lowest MAE among ranked models (n ≥ 30) = not distinguishable from the leader ▼ worse than the leader ▲ better than the leader — all three Holm-corrected within this table, over the family of comparisons against the leader; the uncorrected verdict for every pair is published in the pairwise table of each permanent link and in pairwise_latest.csv.gzn < 30 greyed and unranked CI is a 95 % moving-block bootstrap interval on the group's own days, and reads — when it could not be computed skill reads — when fewer than 10 days are common to the model and the baseline: the ratio of two means over a handful of shared days is not a number worth printing
Sampled daily maximum — MAE °F by stationtmax_s
Scored against the maximum of the four *observed* samples on the same day.
| Station | d0 | d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | d5 | d6 | d7 | d8 | d9 | lead 1–9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KATL | — | 2.24+1.97 · n=29 | 2.67+2.27 · n=29 | 2.60+2.11 · n=29 | 2.37+1.46 · n=29 | 3.16+1.43 · n=29 | 3.10+1.38 · n=29 | 2.96+1.00 · n=29 | 3.64+1.72 · n=29 | 4.77+1.13 · n=29 | |
| KAUS | — | 1.84−1.20 · n=29 | 1.98−1.47 · n=29 | 2.07−1.66 · n=29 | 2.73−2.17 · n=29 | 3.03−2.56 · n=29 | 3.40−2.81 · n=29 | 4.90−3.10 · n=29 | 5.61−3.18 · n=29 | 5.61−2.76 · n=29 | |
| KBOS | — | 3.44−2.62 · n=28 | 3.46−2.72 · n=28 | 4.11−3.13 · n=28 | 3.77−2.77 · n=28 | 4.46−2.86 · n=28 | 5.40−3.85 · n=28 | 5.30−3.61 · n=28 | 4.96−3.47 · n=28 | 5.62−4.27 · n=28 | |
| KDCA | — | 2.30−0.69 · n=29 | 2.14−0.44 · n=29 | 2.04−1.00 · n=29 | 2.56−0.98 · n=29 | 3.83−1.29 · n=29 | 4.29−1.48 · n=29 | 5.38−2.42 · n=29 | 4.79−2.11 · n=29 | 5.68−2.60 · n=29 | |
| KDEN | — | 2.15−1.10 · n=29 | 2.60−1.38 · n=29 | 2.76−1.31 · n=29 | 3.16−1.36 · n=29 | 4.19−1.17 · n=29 | 4.76−0.56 · n=29 | 4.95−0.77 · n=29 | 6.54−1.15 · n=29 | 8.40−3.01 · n=29 | |
| KDFW | — | 2.17−1.79 · n=29 | 2.65−2.29 · n=29 | 2.71−2.21 · n=29 | 2.99−2.67 · n=29 | 3.32−3.09 · n=29 | 3.87−3.28 · n=29 | 5.51−4.12 · n=29 | 6.15−4.56 · n=29 | 5.93−3.52 · n=29 | |
| KEWR | — | 3.27−2.54 · n=29 | 3.17−2.56 · n=29 | 3.37−3.27 · n=29 | 3.48−2.94 · n=29 | 4.28−3.25 · n=29 | 4.88−3.91 · n=29 | 5.39−4.36 · n=29 | 4.97−4.04 · n=29 | 6.67−4.65 · n=29 | |
| KIAH | — | 3.27−2.31 · n=29 | 3.43−2.39 · n=29 | 3.24−2.29 · n=29 | 3.78−2.95 · n=29 | 4.03−3.31 · n=29 | 4.45−3.42 · n=29 | 5.01−3.40 · n=29 | 6.26−4.04 · n=29 | 6.62−4.31 · n=29 | |
| KLAS | — | 2.76−1.84 · n=29 | 2.86−1.61 · n=29 | 2.67−1.24 · n=29 | 2.30−0.92 · n=29 | 2.96−0.95 · n=29 | 3.97−1.05 · n=29 | 5.10−0.37 · n=29 | 5.62−0.35 · n=29 | 5.83−0.03 · n=29 | |
| KLAX | — | 4.52−3.95 · n=29 | 4.90−4.30 · n=29 | 5.11−4.36 · n=29 | 5.52−4.52 · n=29 | 5.65−4.48 · n=29 | 6.05−5.01 · n=29 | 6.85−5.33 · n=29 | 7.87−5.79 · n=29 | 7.91−5.28 · n=29 | |
| KMIA | — | 2.01−0.84 · n=29 | 2.20−0.93 · n=29 | 2.38−1.11 · n=29 | 2.51−1.10 · n=29 | 2.57−1.29 · n=29 | 2.59−1.52 · n=29 | 2.60−1.55 · n=29 | 2.98−1.57 · n=29 | 3.25−1.46 · n=29 | |
| KMSP | — | 2.54−1.56 · n=29 | 2.62−1.51 · n=29 | 2.58−1.89 · n=29 | 3.88−2.79 · n=29 | 4.43−2.75 · n=29 | 4.62−2.55 · n=29 | 5.10−2.68 · n=29 | 6.03−2.48 · n=29 | 7.02−4.24 · n=29 | |
| KMSY | — | 1.48−0.61 · n=29 | 1.51−0.62 · n=29 | 1.64−0.91 · n=29 | 1.90−1.19 · n=29 | 2.37−1.49 · n=29 | 2.95−1.55 · n=29 | 2.76−1.32 · n=29 | 3.62−1.32 · n=29 | 3.97−1.01 · n=29 | |
| KNYC | — | 1.87+0.61 · n=28 | 1.87+0.62 · n=28 | 1.95−0.05 · n=28 | 2.37+0.22 · n=28 | 3.28−0.20 · n=28 | 3.54−0.74 · n=28 | 3.99−1.43 · n=28 | 3.96−0.98 · n=28 | 4.87−1.48 · n=28 | |
| KOKC | — | 2.55−1.07 · n=29 | 2.93−1.55 · n=29 | 2.85−1.35 · n=29 | 2.80−1.59 · n=29 | 3.95−2.18 · n=29 | 5.52−2.51 · n=29 | 6.66−3.36 · n=29 | 6.30−3.78 · n=29 | 6.47−2.61 · n=29 | |
| KORD | — | 2.52−2.26 · n=29 | 2.86−1.91 · n=29 | 3.03−1.97 · n=29 | 3.67−2.32 · n=29 | 4.16−3.17 · n=29 | 4.93−3.19 · n=29 | 4.67−2.88 · n=29 | 4.29−2.46 · n=29 | 5.19−3.05 · n=29 | |
| KPHL | — | 2.88−1.56 · n=29 | 2.75−1.42 · n=29 | 2.67−2.08 · n=29 | 2.95−1.88 · n=29 | 3.76−2.20 · n=29 | 4.00−2.72 · n=29 | 4.87−3.26 · n=29 | 4.81−3.02 · n=29 | 5.81−3.41 · n=29 | |
| KPHX | — | 2.30−1.54 · n=29 | 2.02−1.21 · n=29 | 2.06−0.94 · n=29 | 2.44−0.71 · n=29 | 2.65−0.29 · n=29 | 3.71+0.01 · n=29 | 5.04+0.64 · n=29 | 5.26+1.17 · n=29 | 5.64+1.82 · n=29 | |
| KSAN | — | 4.59−4.55 · n=29 | 4.76−4.76 · n=29 | 4.98−4.87 · n=29 | 5.18−4.94 · n=29 | 5.43−4.85 · n=29 | 5.89−5.20 · n=29 | 6.56−5.40 · n=29 | 7.31−5.75 · n=29 | 7.76−5.59 · n=29 | |
| KSAT | — | 1.35−0.65 · n=29 | 1.68−0.91 · n=29 | 1.83−1.25 · n=29 | 2.26−1.64 · n=29 | 3.05−2.14 · n=29 | 3.70−2.59 · n=29 | 4.48−2.70 · n=29 | 4.76−2.54 · n=29 | 4.58−2.07 · n=29 | |
| KSEA | — | 2.44+0.97 · n=29 | 2.33+1.10 · n=29 | 2.68+1.20 · n=29 | 3.09+1.17 · n=29 | 3.15+1.01 · n=29 | 3.92+0.72 · n=29 | 5.10+0.36 · n=29 | 6.05+0.34 · n=29 | 5.66+1.12 · n=29 | |
| KSFO | — | 3.90−2.30 · n=29 | 3.85−2.08 · n=29 | 3.94−2.23 · n=29 | 4.42−2.32 · n=29 | 4.60−2.87 · n=29 | 4.85−3.02 · n=29 | 5.28−3.07 · n=29 | 6.48−3.07 · n=29 | 6.52−2.23 · n=29 | |
| KTTN | — | 2.08−0.35 · n=29 | 2.12−0.30 · n=29 | 2.07−0.95 · n=29 | 2.59−0.68 · n=29 | 3.64−0.99 · n=29 | 3.78−1.58 · n=29 | 4.64−2.11 · n=29 | 4.49−1.81 · n=29 | 5.55−2.31 · n=29 |
Sampled daily minimum — MAE °F by stationtmin_s
Scored against the minimum of the four *observed* samples on the same day.
| Station | d0 | d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | d5 | d6 | d7 | d8 | d9 | lead 1–9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KATL | — | 3.96−3.42 · n=29 | 3.45−2.73 · n=29 | 3.25−2.03 · n=29 | 3.23−2.00 · n=29 | 3.08−2.30 · n=29 | 3.64−2.07 · n=29 | 3.84−1.68 · n=29 | 4.25−0.58 · n=29 | 3.84+0.46 · n=29 | |
| KAUS | — | 2.67+0.96 · n=29 | 2.82+0.72 · n=29 | 3.02+0.98 · n=29 | 3.16+0.67 · n=29 | 3.82+0.72 · n=29 | 4.31+1.51 · n=29 | 4.67+2.13 · n=29 | 5.75+2.31 · n=29 | 7.22+2.18 · n=29 | |
| KBOS | — | 1.93−0.90 · n=28 | 1.80−0.47 · n=28 | 1.91−0.80 · n=28 | 1.61−0.28 · n=28 | 2.44−0.29 · n=28 | 3.07−0.90 · n=28 | 4.35−1.19 · n=28 | 3.62−0.61 · n=28 | 4.00−0.71 · n=28 | |
| KDCA | — | 1.49−0.89 · n=29 | 1.59−0.19 · n=29 | 1.67−0.24 · n=29 | 1.87−0.22 · n=29 | 2.34−0.79 · n=29 | 2.94−1.40 · n=29 | 3.50−1.22 · n=29 | 3.90−0.72 · n=29 | 4.02−0.61 · n=29 | |
| KDEN | — | 3.80−3.30 · n=29 | 3.92−3.44 · n=29 | 4.02−3.24 · n=29 | 4.06−3.37 · n=29 | 4.08−2.86 · n=29 | 4.90−2.43 · n=29 | 4.69−2.98 · n=29 | 6.09−4.13 · n=29 | 6.87−4.61 · n=29 | |
| KDFW | — | 3.10−2.85 · n=29 | 3.61−3.24 · n=29 | 3.47−3.21 · n=29 | 3.94−3.76 · n=29 | 4.15−3.65 · n=29 | 3.78−2.74 · n=29 | 4.50−1.85 · n=29 | 5.59−1.93 · n=29 | 6.67−1.90 · n=29 | |
| KEWR | — | 1.68+0.58 · n=29 | 2.06+1.15 · n=29 | 1.94+0.76 · n=29 | 2.13+1.01 · n=29 | 2.32+0.49 · n=29 | 2.87+0.14 · n=29 | 3.96+0.07 · n=29 | 3.69+0.27 · n=29 | 3.92+0.36 · n=29 | |
| KIAH | — | 1.93+0.46 · n=29 | 2.02+0.42 · n=29 | 2.29+0.51 · n=29 | 2.65+0.17 · n=29 | 3.23+0.05 · n=29 | 4.22+0.59 · n=29 | 4.09+1.23 · n=29 | 4.78+1.49 · n=29 | 6.06+1.63 · n=29 | |
| KLAS | — | 3.68−3.57 · n=29 | 3.71−3.59 · n=29 | 3.54−3.30 · n=29 | 3.21−2.82 · n=29 | 3.31−2.74 · n=29 | 3.91−3.21 · n=29 | 4.74−3.21 · n=29 | 4.68−3.19 · n=29 | 4.59−3.39 · n=29 | |
| KLAX | — | 1.91−0.86 · n=29 | 2.14−1.27 · n=29 | 2.21−1.42 · n=29 | 2.23−1.55 · n=29 | 2.33−1.58 · n=29 | 2.60−1.86 · n=29 | 3.19−2.44 · n=29 | 3.89−2.90 · n=29 | 4.45−3.32 · n=29 | |
| KMIA | — | 1.60+1.10 · n=29 | 1.69+1.10 · n=29 | 1.62+0.95 · n=29 | 1.70+0.78 · n=29 | 1.76+0.59 · n=29 | 1.76+0.41 · n=29 | 1.75+0.35 · n=29 | 1.79+0.30 · n=29 | 2.09+0.37 · n=29 | |
| KMSP | — | 3.19−2.57 · n=29 | 2.91−2.58 · n=29 | 3.06−2.25 · n=29 | 3.75−3.19 · n=29 | 4.44−3.92 · n=29 | 4.79−3.60 · n=29 | 5.47−3.01 · n=29 | 5.97−2.93 · n=29 | 7.20−4.30 · n=29 | |
| KMSY | — | 2.13+0.24 · n=29 | 2.45+0.31 · n=29 | 2.60+0.36 · n=29 | 2.70+0.40 · n=29 | 2.92+0.54 · n=29 | 3.67+1.01 · n=29 | 3.93+1.55 · n=29 | 4.70+2.30 · n=29 | 5.33+2.93 · n=29 | |
| KNYC | — | 1.55−0.34 · n=28 | 1.71+0.30 · n=28 | 2.17−0.01 · n=28 | 2.24+0.19 · n=28 | 2.50−0.29 · n=28 | 2.89−0.73 · n=28 | 3.93−0.75 · n=28 | 3.74−0.43 · n=28 | 4.11−0.43 · n=28 | |
| KOKC | — | 2.89+0.39 · n=29 | 3.10−0.15 · n=29 | 3.02−0.14 · n=29 | 2.81−0.33 · n=29 | 3.12−0.47 · n=29 | 3.95+0.56 · n=29 | 5.35+0.75 · n=29 | 6.16+0.80 · n=29 | 7.17+0.52 · n=29 | |
| KORD | — | 1.83−0.06 · n=29 | 1.95+0.18 · n=29 | 2.55+0.36 · n=29 | 2.60+0.04 · n=29 | 3.00−0.55 · n=29 | 3.63−0.40 · n=29 | 3.98+0.42 · n=29 | 4.76+0.59 · n=29 | 5.99+0.53 · n=29 | |
| KPHL | — | 1.95−0.55 · n=29 | 1.97+0.24 · n=29 | 2.16+0.00 · n=29 | 1.82+0.17 · n=29 | 2.24−0.43 · n=29 | 2.86−0.81 · n=29 | 3.94−0.81 · n=29 | 3.96−0.47 · n=29 | 4.25−0.39 · n=29 | |
| KPHX | — | 5.67−5.52 · n=29 | 5.56−5.48 · n=29 | 5.29−5.15 · n=29 | 5.11−5.11 · n=29 | 4.79−4.73 · n=29 | 5.05−4.99 · n=29 | 5.62−5.09 · n=29 | 6.31−5.04 · n=29 | 6.53−5.00 · n=29 | |
| KSAN | — | 2.71+0.30 · n=29 | 2.72+0.19 · n=29 | 2.58+0.12 · n=29 | 2.52−0.06 · n=29 | 2.49−0.03 · n=29 | 2.39−0.22 · n=29 | 2.43−0.61 · n=29 | 3.06−0.97 · n=29 | 3.50−1.27 · n=29 | |
| KSAT | — | 1.70−0.29 · n=29 | 1.99−0.58 · n=29 | 2.35−0.47 · n=29 | 2.54−0.74 · n=29 | 2.95−0.82 · n=29 | 2.93−0.23 · n=29 | 3.33+0.28 · n=29 | 4.31+0.38 · n=29 | 5.74+0.15 · n=29 | |
| KSEA | — | 1.78−1.17 · n=29 | 1.60−0.99 · n=29 | 1.88−0.85 · n=29 | 2.28−0.35 · n=29 | 2.69−0.69 · n=29 | 2.55−0.71 · n=29 | 2.62−1.09 · n=29 | 3.10−1.34 · n=29 | 4.44−1.68 · n=29 | |
| KSFO | — | 2.27−1.24 · n=29 | 2.40−1.03 · n=29 | 2.32−0.68 · n=29 | 2.26−0.61 · n=29 | 2.30−0.82 · n=29 | 2.31−1.04 · n=29 | 2.55−1.26 · n=29 | 2.90−1.44 · n=29 | 3.16−1.55 · n=29 | |
| KTTN | — | 3.53+3.51 · n=29 | 4.24+4.24 · n=29 | 4.03+3.94 · n=29 | 4.20+4.15 · n=29 | 4.24+3.59 · n=29 | 4.37+3.28 · n=29 | 4.95+3.22 · n=29 | 5.32+3.49 · n=29 | 5.09+3.59 · n=29 |
Against the NWS daily extremes (secondary)
This comparison scores four 6-hourly forecast samples against the true daily extreme, so it includes a sampling penalty. The size of that penalty depends on each model's own diurnal amplitude, which is one of the things this site measures, so these numbers are published for operational relevance and are never used for ranking.
Daily maximum vs NWS CLI
| Station | d0 | d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | d5 | d6 | d7 | d8 | d9 | lead 1–9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KATL | — | 1.85−0.72 · n=29 | 2.04−0.42 · n=29 | 2.24−0.58 · n=29 | 2.52−1.23 · n=29 | 3.20−1.26 · n=29 | 3.18−1.31 · n=29 | 3.73−1.69 · n=29 | 4.22−0.97 · n=29 | 5.11−1.56 · n=29 | |
| KAUS | — | 5.84−5.61 · n=29 | 6.03−5.88 · n=29 | 6.23−6.08 · n=29 | 6.84−6.59 · n=29 | 7.17−6.98 · n=29 | 7.23−7.22 · n=29 | 8.38−7.51 · n=29 | 8.73−7.59 · n=29 | 8.64−7.17 · n=29 | |
| KBOS | — | 4.51−4.17 · n=29 | 4.61−4.27 · n=29 | 5.25−4.80 · n=29 | 5.09−4.46 · n=29 | 5.60−4.59 · n=29 | 6.70−5.57 · n=29 | 6.52−5.37 · n=29 | 6.09−4.99 · n=29 | 6.67−5.62 · n=29 | |
| KDCA | — | 2.89−2.52 · n=29 | 2.75−2.27 · n=29 | 3.13−2.82 · n=29 | 3.57−2.81 · n=29 | 4.55−3.12 · n=29 | 5.30−3.30 · n=29 | 6.32−4.25 · n=29 | 5.65−3.94 · n=29 | 6.90−4.42 · n=29 | |
| KDEN | — | 6.15−6.14 · n=29 | 6.43−6.42 · n=29 | 6.34−6.34 · n=29 | 6.62−6.39 · n=29 | 7.43−6.20 · n=29 | 7.55−5.60 · n=29 | 7.62−5.80 · n=29 | 8.92−6.19 · n=29 | 10.52−8.05 · n=29 | |
| KDFW | — | 5.24−5.24 · n=29 | 5.74−5.74 · n=29 | 5.77−5.66 · n=29 | 6.12−6.12 · n=29 | 6.57−6.54 · n=29 | 6.79−6.73 · n=29 | 8.58−7.57 · n=29 | 8.87−8.01 · n=29 | 8.63−6.97 · n=29 | |
| KEWR | — | 4.45−4.31 · n=29 | 4.42−4.34 · n=29 | 5.07−5.04 · n=29 | 5.03−4.71 · n=29 | 5.56−5.02 · n=29 | 6.49−5.68 · n=29 | 6.72−6.14 · n=29 | 6.24−5.81 · n=29 | 7.96−6.42 · n=29 | |
| KIAH | — | 6.14−5.89 · n=29 | 6.18−5.98 · n=29 | 6.09−5.88 · n=29 | 6.75−6.54 · n=29 | 7.11−6.90 · n=29 | 7.31−7.01 · n=29 | 7.65−6.99 · n=29 | 8.62−7.63 · n=29 | 8.75−7.90 · n=29 | |
| KLAS | — | 3.71−3.48 · n=29 | 3.62−3.26 · n=29 | 3.36−2.88 · n=29 | 3.13−2.57 · n=29 | 3.86−2.60 · n=29 | 4.83−2.69 · n=29 | 5.41−2.01 · n=29 | 5.84−2.00 · n=29 | 6.27−1.68 · n=29 | |
| KLAX | — | 7.00−6.71 · n=29 | 7.32−7.06 · n=29 | 7.56−7.12 · n=29 | 7.89−7.28 · n=29 | 8.04−7.24 · n=29 | 8.54−7.77 · n=29 | 9.09−8.09 · n=29 | 10.18−8.55 · n=29 | 9.65−8.04 · n=29 | |
| KMIA | — | 2.84−2.77 · n=29 | 3.00−2.86 · n=29 | 3.17−3.04 · n=29 | 3.22−3.03 · n=29 | 3.42−3.22 · n=29 | 3.63−3.45 · n=29 | 3.66−3.49 · n=29 | 3.59−3.50 · n=29 | 3.77−3.39 · n=29 | |
| KMSP | — | 5.23−4.87 · n=29 | 5.16−4.82 · n=29 | 5.25−5.20 · n=29 | 6.25−6.10 · n=29 | 6.85−6.06 · n=29 | 7.13−5.87 · n=29 | 7.73−5.99 · n=29 | 7.73−5.79 · n=29 | 9.12−7.56 · n=29 | |
| KMSY | — | 3.03−2.92 · n=29 | 3.00−2.93 · n=29 | 3.29−3.22 · n=29 | 3.55−3.50 · n=29 | 3.93−3.80 · n=29 | 4.25−3.86 · n=29 | 3.81−3.63 · n=29 | 4.56−3.63 · n=29 | 4.32−3.32 · n=29 | |
| KNYC | — | 2.06−1.56 · n=29 | 1.97−1.54 · n=29 | 2.67−2.24 · n=29 | 2.82−1.88 · n=29 | 3.84−2.21 · n=29 | 4.29−2.89 · n=29 | 4.94−3.31 · n=29 | 4.34−2.98 · n=29 | 5.65−3.60 · n=29 | |
| KOKC | — | 4.51−4.24 · n=29 | 4.94−4.72 · n=29 | 4.89−4.52 · n=29 | 5.27−4.77 · n=29 | 6.09−5.36 · n=29 | 7.26−5.69 · n=29 | 8.64−6.54 · n=29 | 8.37−6.96 · n=29 | 8.09−5.78 · n=29 | |
| KORD | — | 4.53−4.53 · n=29 | 4.36−4.18 · n=29 | 4.80−4.24 · n=29 | 5.19−4.59 · n=29 | 5.65−5.43 · n=29 | 6.12−5.46 · n=29 | 6.08−5.15 · n=29 | 5.80−4.72 · n=29 | 6.79−5.32 · n=29 | |
| KPHL | — | 3.85−3.45 · n=29 | 3.65−3.32 · n=29 | 3.98−3.98 · n=29 | 4.10−3.78 · n=29 | 4.69−4.10 · n=29 | 5.33−4.62 · n=29 | 6.12−5.16 · n=29 | 5.92−4.92 · n=29 | 7.24−5.31 · n=29 | |
| KPHX | — | 4.34−4.19 · n=29 | 4.00−3.87 · n=29 | 3.85−3.60 · n=29 | 3.80−3.37 · n=29 | 3.74−2.95 · n=29 | 4.08−2.64 · n=29 | 5.02−2.01 · n=29 | 5.62−1.48 · n=29 | 5.88−0.83 · n=29 | |
| KSAN | — | 6.96−6.96 · n=29 | 7.17−7.17 · n=29 | 7.28−7.28 · n=29 | 7.36−7.36 · n=29 | 7.31−7.27 · n=29 | 7.78−7.62 · n=29 | 8.38−7.82 · n=29 | 8.93−8.16 · n=29 | 9.04−8.01 · n=29 | |
| KSAT | — | 4.25−4.25 · n=29 | 4.52−4.52 · n=29 | 4.86−4.86 · n=29 | 5.25−5.24 · n=29 | 5.75−5.74 · n=29 | 6.20−6.20 · n=29 | 6.98−6.30 · n=29 | 7.03−6.14 · n=29 | 6.92−5.67 · n=29 | |
| KSEA | — | 2.70−0.50 · n=29 | 2.79−0.37 · n=29 | 2.90−0.27 · n=29 | 3.39−0.30 · n=29 | 3.50−0.46 · n=29 | 3.98−0.75 · n=29 | 5.67−1.11 · n=29 | 6.64−1.13 · n=29 | 6.02−0.35 · n=29 | |
| KSFO | — | 6.23−6.04 · n=29 | 5.95−5.82 · n=29 | 6.10−5.97 · n=29 | 6.31−6.06 · n=29 | 6.75−6.61 · n=29 | 6.95−6.76 · n=29 | 6.99−6.81 · n=29 | 8.16−6.81 · n=29 | 8.53−5.97 · n=29 | |
| KTTN | — | 2.82−2.28 · n=29 | 2.74−2.23 · n=29 | 3.21−2.88 · n=29 | 3.58−2.61 · n=29 | 4.58−2.92 · n=29 | 4.76−3.51 · n=29 | 5.44−4.04 · n=29 | 5.09−3.75 · n=29 | 6.58−4.24 · n=29 |
Daily minimum vs NWS CLI
| Station | d0 | d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | d5 | d6 | d7 | d8 | d9 | lead 1–9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KATL | — | 3.36−1.92 · n=29 | 3.04−1.23 · n=29 | 2.95−0.53 · n=29 | 3.03−0.50 · n=29 | 2.89−0.79 · n=29 | 3.54−0.56 · n=29 | 3.86−0.17 · n=29 | 4.39+0.92 · n=29 | 3.92+1.96 · n=29 | |
| KAUS | — | 3.44+2.68 · n=29 | 3.43+2.43 · n=29 | 3.96+2.69 · n=29 | 3.85+2.38 · n=29 | 4.10+2.44 · n=29 | 4.83+3.22 · n=29 | 5.39+3.85 · n=29 | 6.33+4.03 · n=29 | 7.81+3.89 · n=29 | |
| KBOS | — | 2.16+1.20 · n=29 | 2.56+1.62 · n=29 | 2.59+1.27 · n=29 | 2.52+1.77 · n=29 | 2.67+1.74 · n=29 | 3.13+1.08 · n=29 | 4.38+0.77 · n=29 | 4.00+1.51 · n=29 | 4.29+1.45 · n=29 | |
| KDCA | — | 1.47+0.75 · n=29 | 1.97+1.45 · n=29 | 2.05+1.41 · n=29 | 1.91+1.42 · n=29 | 1.92+0.86 · n=29 | 2.97+0.25 · n=29 | 3.60+0.42 · n=29 | 4.17+0.93 · n=29 | 4.15+1.04 · n=29 | |
| KDEN | — | 2.65−1.28 · n=29 | 2.54−1.43 · n=29 | 2.65−1.22 · n=29 | 2.93−1.36 · n=29 | 2.99−0.85 · n=29 | 3.89−0.42 · n=29 | 3.69−0.96 · n=29 | 5.26−2.12 · n=29 | 5.87−2.60 · n=29 | |
| KDFW | — | 2.63−0.98 · n=29 | 3.12−1.37 · n=29 | 3.13−1.34 · n=29 | 2.80−1.89 · n=29 | 2.89−1.78 · n=29 | 3.59−0.87 · n=29 | 4.60+0.02 · n=29 | 5.50−0.06 · n=29 | 6.71−0.03 · n=29 | |
| KEWR | — | 3.06+2.95 · n=29 | 3.68+3.52 · n=29 | 3.46+3.13 · n=29 | 3.67+3.39 · n=29 | 3.58+2.86 · n=29 | 3.85+2.51 · n=29 | 4.62+2.44 · n=29 | 4.53+2.64 · n=29 | 4.80+2.73 · n=29 | |
| KIAH | — | 2.91+2.44 · n=29 | 3.00+2.40 · n=29 | 3.40+2.49 · n=29 | 3.55+2.14 · n=29 | 3.54+2.03 · n=29 | 4.46+2.57 · n=29 | 4.85+3.21 · n=29 | 5.62+3.47 · n=29 | 6.76+3.61 · n=29 | |
| KLAS | — | 2.59−1.98 · n=29 | 2.70−2.01 · n=29 | 2.59−1.72 · n=29 | 2.26−1.24 · n=29 | 2.34−1.15 · n=29 | 3.05−1.62 · n=29 | 4.01−1.63 · n=29 | 4.10−1.61 · n=29 | 3.83−1.80 · n=29 | |
| KLAX | — | 1.93+0.88 · n=29 | 1.91+0.47 · n=29 | 1.98+0.32 · n=29 | 2.02+0.18 · n=29 | 2.07+0.16 · n=29 | 1.95−0.13 · n=29 | 2.44−0.70 · n=29 | 3.03−1.17 · n=29 | 3.85−1.59 · n=29 | |
| KMIA | — | 2.84+2.83 · n=29 | 2.87+2.83 · n=29 | 2.73+2.67 · n=29 | 2.64+2.50 · n=29 | 2.53+2.32 · n=29 | 2.37+2.13 · n=29 | 2.32+2.08 · n=29 | 2.41+2.02 · n=29 | 2.57+2.10 · n=29 | |
| KMSP | — | 2.72−0.32 · n=29 | 2.34−0.34 · n=29 | 2.20−0.01 · n=29 | 2.76−0.95 · n=29 | 3.34−1.68 · n=29 | 3.78−1.36 · n=29 | 5.12−0.77 · n=29 | 5.04−0.69 · n=29 | 6.01−2.06 · n=29 | |
| KMSY | — | 3.11+2.24 · n=29 | 3.28+2.31 · n=29 | 3.45+2.36 · n=29 | 3.71+2.40 · n=29 | 3.96+2.54 · n=29 | 4.40+3.00 · n=29 | 5.01+3.54 · n=29 | 5.97+4.30 · n=29 | 6.60+4.93 · n=29 | |
| KNYC | — | 2.01+1.10 · n=29 | 2.18+1.74 · n=29 | 2.31+1.38 · n=29 | 2.53+1.63 · n=29 | 2.52+1.14 · n=29 | 2.74+0.75 · n=29 | 3.76+0.68 · n=29 | 3.90+0.88 · n=29 | 4.20+0.96 · n=29 | |
| KOKC | — | 3.09+1.85 · n=29 | 3.07+1.31 · n=29 | 3.12+1.33 · n=29 | 2.71+1.13 · n=29 | 2.74+1.00 · n=29 | 3.91+2.02 · n=29 | 5.33+2.21 · n=29 | 5.81+2.26 · n=29 | 7.19+1.98 · n=29 | |
| KORD | — | 2.32+1.43 · n=29 | 2.38+1.66 · n=29 | 2.92+1.84 · n=29 | 2.73+1.53 · n=29 | 3.06+0.94 · n=29 | 3.66+1.08 · n=29 | 4.27+1.90 · n=29 | 4.87+2.08 · n=29 | 5.96+2.01 · n=29 | |
| KPHL | — | 2.24+1.43 · n=29 | 2.77+2.22 · n=29 | 2.57+1.98 · n=29 | 2.57+2.15 · n=29 | 2.52+1.55 · n=29 | 3.29+1.17 · n=29 | 4.21+1.17 · n=29 | 4.41+1.51 · n=29 | 4.34+1.59 · n=29 | |
| KPHX | — | 4.63−4.22 · n=29 | 4.56−4.18 · n=29 | 4.45−3.86 · n=29 | 4.06−3.81 · n=29 | 3.83−3.44 · n=29 | 4.05−3.69 · n=29 | 4.85−3.79 · n=29 | 5.74−3.74 · n=29 | 6.00−3.71 · n=29 | |
| KSAN | — | 3.10+2.19 · n=29 | 3.08+2.08 · n=29 | 2.90+2.01 · n=29 | 2.72+1.83 · n=29 | 2.74+1.86 · n=29 | 2.67+1.67 · n=29 | 2.66+1.28 · n=29 | 2.95+0.92 · n=29 | 3.35+0.62 · n=29 | |
| KSAT | — | 1.80+0.69 · n=29 | 2.07+0.40 · n=29 | 2.60+0.51 · n=29 | 2.59+0.24 · n=29 | 2.67+0.16 · n=29 | 2.85+0.75 · n=29 | 3.52+1.26 · n=29 | 4.62+1.36 · n=29 | 6.09+1.13 · n=29 | |
| KSEA | — | 1.60+0.67 · n=29 | 1.71+0.84 · n=29 | 1.90+0.98 · n=29 | 2.29+1.48 · n=29 | 2.46+1.15 · n=29 | 2.39+1.12 · n=29 | 2.58+0.75 · n=29 | 2.99+0.49 · n=29 | 4.01+0.15 · n=29 | |
| KSFO | — | 2.02−0.31 · n=29 | 2.08−0.10 · n=29 | 2.26+0.25 · n=29 | 2.04+0.32 · n=29 | 2.08+0.11 · n=29 | 2.13−0.11 · n=29 | 2.45−0.34 · n=29 | 2.59−0.51 · n=29 | 2.89−0.62 · n=29 | |
| KTTN | — | 6.57+6.57 · n=29 | 7.30+7.30 · n=29 | 7.02+7.00 · n=29 | 7.21+7.21 · n=29 | 6.88+6.65 · n=29 | 7.05+6.34 · n=29 | 7.20+6.28 · n=29 | 7.40+6.55 · n=29 | 7.30+6.65 · n=29 |
Month-by-month slices live on the canonical page: they do not depend on the window, initialization or interpolation selected here.
Source and licence
Where the numbers come from, what may be done with them, and what was — deliberately — not done to the forecast before scoring it.
Where it comes from
aiwp · FOUR · IFS initial conditions
Steps every 6 h to 240 h; sampled at 00/06/12/18 UTC only.
Licence
NOAA/CIRA AIWP, U.S. Government work, public domain. Cite Radford et al. (2025), BAMS, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0057.1.
Post-processing
None. Raw grid values, bilinear (headline) or nearest-node interpolation, no MOS, no bias correction, no downscaling.