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CastCheck methodology v0.2 · data through 2026-08-30

Miami Intl · GraphCast (GFS init) · lead day 1

KMIA · graphcast_gfs · lead 1

Target day = initialization date + 1 day. This page is a permanent link: the numbers change as history accumulates, the address and the methodology version do not.

Scores use the latest model version segment, GRAP_v100, starting 2026-08-28 — days before that ran a different version of the model and are excluded rather than silently pooled. Of the scored days, 2 carry a QC flag on the observation.

JSON for this page CSV of the daily errors Cite this page

Every number for this combination

All four windows × both initializations × both interpolations × both variables. Errors are computed in °C and shown in °F; CI is a 95 % moving-block bootstrap interval. MAE debiased and skill, debiased remove the constant offset of the window first, so a station that the model always reads a degree too warm is not scored as if it had no skill — compare the two skill columns to see how much of the error is a fixed offset. n QC next to n counts days whose observation carries a QC flag.

VariableInitMethod Windown MAE °F MAE debiased Bias °F RMSE °F ±1 °F±2 °F±3 °F Skill Skill, debiased Period
tmax00Zbilinear30d1 1 QC6.08 [6.08, 6.08]0.00-6.08 [-6.08, -6.08]6.08 [6.08, 6.08]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-5.08—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Zbilinear90d1 1 QC6.08 [6.08, 6.08]0.00-6.08 [-6.08, -6.08]6.08 [6.08, 6.08]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-5.08—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Zbilinear365d1 1 QC6.08 [6.08, 6.08]0.00-6.08 [-6.08, -6.08]6.08 [6.08, 6.08]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-5.08—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Zbilinearall1 1 QC6.08 [6.08, 6.08]0.00-6.08 [-6.08, -6.08]6.08 [6.08, 6.08]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-5.08—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearest30d1 1 QC6.44 [6.44, 6.44]0.00-6.44 [-6.44, -6.44]6.44 [6.44, 6.44]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-5.44—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearest90d1 1 QC6.44 [6.44, 6.44]0.00-6.44 [-6.44, -6.44]6.44 [6.44, 6.44]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-5.44—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearest365d1 1 QC6.44 [6.44, 6.44]0.00-6.44 [-6.44, -6.44]6.44 [6.44, 6.44]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-5.44—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearestall1 1 QC6.44 [6.44, 6.44]0.00-6.44 [-6.44, -6.44]6.44 [6.44, 6.44]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-5.44—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinear30d2 2 QC6.20 [5.52, 6.88]0.68-6.20 [-6.88, -5.52]6.24 [5.52, 6.88]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.10+0.662026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinear90d2 2 QC6.20 [5.52, 6.88]0.68-6.20 [-6.88, -5.52]6.24 [5.52, 6.88]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.10+0.662026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinear365d2 2 QC6.20 [5.52, 6.88]0.68-6.20 [-6.88, -5.52]6.24 [5.52, 6.88]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.10+0.662026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinearall2 2 QC6.20 [5.52, 6.88]0.68-6.20 [-6.88, -5.52]6.24 [5.52, 6.88]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.10+0.662026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearest30d2 2 QC6.78 [6.23, 7.33]0.55-6.78 [-7.33, -6.23]6.81 [6.23, 7.33]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.39+0.732026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearest90d2 2 QC6.78 [6.23, 7.33]0.55-6.78 [-7.33, -6.23]6.81 [6.23, 7.33]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.39+0.732026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearest365d2 2 QC6.78 [6.23, 7.33]0.55-6.78 [-7.33, -6.23]6.81 [6.23, 7.33]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.39+0.732026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearestall2 2 QC6.78 [6.23, 7.33]0.55-6.78 [-7.33, -6.23]6.81 [6.23, 7.33]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.39+0.732026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinear30d1 1 QC0.24 [0.24, 0.24]0.00-0.24 [-0.24, -0.24]0.24 [0.24, 0.24]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.95—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinear90d1 1 QC0.24 [0.24, 0.24]0.00-0.24 [-0.24, -0.24]0.24 [0.24, 0.24]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.95—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinear365d1 1 QC0.24 [0.24, 0.24]0.00-0.24 [-0.24, -0.24]0.24 [0.24, 0.24]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.95—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinearall1 1 QC0.24 [0.24, 0.24]0.00-0.24 [-0.24, -0.24]0.24 [0.24, 0.24]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.95—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearest30d1 1 QC0.87 [0.87, 0.87]0.00+0.87 [0.87, 0.87]0.87 [0.87, 0.87]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.83—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearest90d1 1 QC0.87 [0.87, 0.87]0.00+0.87 [0.87, 0.87]0.87 [0.87, 0.87]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.83—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearest365d1 1 QC0.87 [0.87, 0.87]0.00+0.87 [0.87, 0.87]0.87 [0.87, 0.87]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.83—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearestall1 1 QC0.87 [0.87, 0.87]0.00+0.87 [0.87, 0.87]0.87 [0.87, 0.87]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.83—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinear30d2 2 QC2.92 [0.18, 5.66]2.74+2.92 [0.18, 5.66]4.01 [0.18, 5.66]50% [0%, 100%]50%50%+0.35+0.392026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinear90d2 2 QC2.92 [0.18, 5.66]2.74+2.92 [0.18, 5.66]4.01 [0.18, 5.66]50% [0%, 100%]50%50%+0.35+0.392026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinear365d2 2 QC2.92 [0.18, 5.66]2.74+2.92 [0.18, 5.66]4.01 [0.18, 5.66]50% [0%, 100%]50%50%+0.35+0.392026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinearall2 2 QC2.92 [0.18, 5.66]2.74+2.92 [0.18, 5.66]4.01 [0.18, 5.66]50% [0%, 100%]50%50%+0.35+0.392026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearest30d2 2 QC3.76 [1.18, 6.35]2.59+3.76 [1.18, 6.35]4.57 [1.18, 6.35]0% [0%, 0%]50%50%+0.16+0.432026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearest90d2 2 QC3.76 [1.18, 6.35]2.59+3.76 [1.18, 6.35]4.57 [1.18, 6.35]0% [0%, 0%]50%50%+0.16+0.432026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearest365d2 2 QC3.76 [1.18, 6.35]2.59+3.76 [1.18, 6.35]4.57 [1.18, 6.35]0% [0%, 0%]50%50%+0.16+0.432026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearestall2 2 QC3.76 [1.18, 6.35]2.59+3.76 [1.18, 6.35]4.57 [1.18, 6.35]0% [0%, 0%]50%50%+0.16+0.432026-08-29 → 2026-08-30

+ model too warm · − model too cold · bias interval includes zero · ★ lowest MAE · = not distinguishable from the leader · ▼ significantly worse · n < 30 greyed and unranked · CI is a 95 % moving-block bootstrap interval.

Daily error, last 90 days

Daily forecast minus observed error in °F for GraphCast (GFS init) at KMIA, lead day 1, 00Z bilinear tmax+10+50-5-102026-08-30: -6.08 °F2026-08-30°F, forecast − observed
Forecast − observed, °F, 00Z bilinear daily maximum. The dashed line is zero; the thick line is a centred 7-day mean, drawn only where the whole window is present. Gaps are days with no score, never interpolation. Hover a point for its date and value.
The same series as a table (1 days, newest first) · download CSV
Climatological dayError °F
2026-08-30-6.08

Error distribution

Distribution of the signed daily error in °F for GraphCast (GFS init) at KMIA, lead day 1-10 to -9 °F: 0 days-9 to -8 °F: 0 days-8 to -7 °F: 0 days-7 to -6 °F: 1 day-6 to -5 °F: 0 days-5 to -4 °F: 0 days-4 to -3 °F: 0 days-3 to -2 °F: 0 days-2 to -1 °F: 0 days-1 to 0 °F: 0 days0 to 1 °F: 0 days1 to 2 °F: 0 days2 to 3 °F: 0 days3 to 4 °F: 0 days4 to 5 °F: 0 days5 to 6 °F: 0 days6 to 7 °F: 0 days7 to 8 °F: 0 days8 to 9 °F: 0 days9 to 10 °F: 0 daysdashed: P50 |e| 6.08 · P90 |e| 6.08 °F-100+10 °Fn = 1 days
All scored days for 00Z bilinear daily maximum, 20 equal bins. The dashed marks are the 50th and 90th percentiles of the absolute error, mirrored on both sides. Hover a bar for its bin and count.
Bin counts as a table
From °FTo °FDays
-10.00-9.000
-9.00-8.000
-8.00-7.000
-7.00-6.001
-6.00-5.000
-5.00-4.000
-4.00-3.000
-3.00-2.000
-2.00-1.000
-1.00+0.000
+0.00+1.000
+1.00+2.000
+2.00+3.000
+3.00+4.000
+4.00+5.000
+5.00+6.000
+6.00+7.000
+7.00+8.000
+8.00+9.000
+9.00+10.000

Month by month

00Z bilinear daily maximum, newest first.

Monthn MAE °FBias °F
2026-0816.08 -6.08

Availability

ModelScored period DaysCoverage
GraphCast (GFS init)2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30 1
GraphCast (GFS init)2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30 1
GraphCast (GFS init)2026-08-29 → 2026-08-30 2
GraphCast (GFS init)2026-08-29 → 2026-08-30 2

Compared with other models

Paired bootstrap on the days both models cover (90d, 00Z, bilinear, daily maximum). Negative means GraphCast (GFS init) has the lower MAE. "Distinguishable" means the 95 % interval excludes zero.

Other modelCommon days MAE difference °FDistinguishable
ECMWF AIFS Single 1 -0.33 [-0.33, -0.33] yes
Aurora (GFS init) 1 -0.85 [-0.85, -0.85] yes
Aurora (IFS init) 1 -1.29 [-1.29, -1.29] yes
FourCastNet v2 (GFS init) 1 +0.75 [0.75, 0.75] yes
FourCastNet v2 (IFS init) 1 +0.06 [0.06, 0.06] yes
NCEP GFS 1 +5.29 [5.29, 5.29] yes
GraphCast (IFS init) 1 -1.39 [-1.39, -1.39] yes
ECMWF IFS HRES 1 -3.24 [-3.24, -3.24] yes
Pangu-Weather (GFS init) 1 +0.08 [0.08, 0.08] yes
Pangu-Weather (IFS init) 1 -1.36 [-1.36, -1.36] yes
Persistence (baseline) 1 +5.08 [5.08, 5.08] yes

Cite this page

ShortCastCheck, KMIA graphcast_gfs lead 1, methodology v0.2, accessed 2026-08-31, https://castcheck.zifanzhang.com/station/KMIA/model/graphcast_gfs/lead/1/

LongCastCheck (2026). Station-level verification of raw weather-model 2 m temperature forecasts: KMIA (Miami Intl), model graphcast_gfs, lead day 1. Methodology version 0.2, schema version 0.1, data through 2026-08-30. Accessed 2026-08-31. https://castcheck.zifanzhang.com/station/KMIA/model/graphcast_gfs/lead/1/

Accessed2026-08-31 (data through 2026-08-30; page built 2026-08-31T03:52:06+00:00)

JSON CSV all scores methodology v0.2 licence