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CastCheck methodology v0.2 · data through 2026-08-30

Houston Bush · GraphCast (GFS init) · lead day 1

KIAH · graphcast_gfs · lead 1

Target day = initialization date + 1 day. This page is a permanent link: the numbers change as history accumulates, the address and the methodology version do not.

Scores use the latest model version segment, GRAP_v100, starting 2026-08-28 — days before that ran a different version of the model and are excluded rather than silently pooled. Of the scored days, 1 carry a QC flag on the observation.

JSON for this page CSV of the daily errors Cite this page

Every number for this combination

All four windows × both initializations × both interpolations × both variables. Errors are computed in °C and shown in °F; CI is a 95 % moving-block bootstrap interval. MAE debiased and skill, debiased remove the constant offset of the window first, so a station that the model always reads a degree too warm is not scored as if it had no skill — compare the two skill columns to see how much of the error is a fixed offset. n QC next to n counts days whose observation carries a QC flag.

VariableInitMethod Windown MAE °F MAE debiased Bias °F RMSE °F ±1 °F±2 °F±3 °F Skill Skill, debiased Period
tmax00Zbilinear30d1 1 QC5.55 [5.55, 5.55]0.00-5.55 [-5.55, -5.55]5.55 [5.55, 5.55]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%——2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Zbilinear90d1 1 QC5.55 [5.55, 5.55]0.00-5.55 [-5.55, -5.55]5.55 [5.55, 5.55]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%——2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Zbilinear365d1 1 QC5.55 [5.55, 5.55]0.00-5.55 [-5.55, -5.55]5.55 [5.55, 5.55]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%——2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Zbilinearall1 1 QC5.55 [5.55, 5.55]0.00-5.55 [-5.55, -5.55]5.55 [5.55, 5.55]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%——2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearest30d1 1 QC5.67 [5.67, 5.67]0.00-5.67 [-5.67, -5.67]5.67 [5.67, 5.67]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%——2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearest90d1 1 QC5.67 [5.67, 5.67]0.00-5.67 [-5.67, -5.67]5.67 [5.67, 5.67]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%——2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearest365d1 1 QC5.67 [5.67, 5.67]0.00-5.67 [-5.67, -5.67]5.67 [5.67, 5.67]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%——2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearestall1 1 QC5.67 [5.67, 5.67]0.00-5.67 [-5.67, -5.67]5.67 [5.67, 5.67]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%——2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinear30d2 1 QC6.09 [5.79, 6.39]0.30-6.09 [-6.39, -5.79]6.10 [5.79, 6.39]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-11.18+0.402026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinear90d2 1 QC6.09 [5.79, 6.39]0.30-6.09 [-6.39, -5.79]6.10 [5.79, 6.39]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-11.18+0.402026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinear365d2 1 QC6.09 [5.79, 6.39]0.30-6.09 [-6.39, -5.79]6.10 [5.79, 6.39]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-11.18+0.402026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinearall2 1 QC6.09 [5.79, 6.39]0.30-6.09 [-6.39, -5.79]6.10 [5.79, 6.39]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-11.18+0.402026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearest30d2 1 QC6.17 [5.89, 6.45]0.28-6.17 [-6.45, -5.89]6.17 [5.89, 6.45]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-11.34+0.452026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearest90d2 1 QC6.17 [5.89, 6.45]0.28-6.17 [-6.45, -5.89]6.17 [5.89, 6.45]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-11.34+0.452026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearest365d2 1 QC6.17 [5.89, 6.45]0.28-6.17 [-6.45, -5.89]6.17 [5.89, 6.45]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-11.34+0.452026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearestall2 1 QC6.17 [5.89, 6.45]0.28-6.17 [-6.45, -5.89]6.17 [5.89, 6.45]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-11.34+0.452026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinear30d1 1 QC0.93 [0.93, 0.93]0.00+0.93 [0.93, 0.93]0.93 [0.93, 0.93]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.07—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinear90d1 1 QC0.93 [0.93, 0.93]0.00+0.93 [0.93, 0.93]0.93 [0.93, 0.93]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.07—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinear365d1 1 QC0.93 [0.93, 0.93]0.00+0.93 [0.93, 0.93]0.93 [0.93, 0.93]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.07—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinearall1 1 QC0.93 [0.93, 0.93]0.00+0.93 [0.93, 0.93]0.93 [0.93, 0.93]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.07—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearest30d1 1 QC0.95 [0.95, 0.95]0.00+0.95 [0.95, 0.95]0.95 [0.95, 0.95]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.05—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearest90d1 1 QC0.95 [0.95, 0.95]0.00+0.95 [0.95, 0.95]0.95 [0.95, 0.95]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.05—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearest365d1 1 QC0.95 [0.95, 0.95]0.00+0.95 [0.95, 0.95]0.95 [0.95, 0.95]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.05—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearestall1 1 QC0.95 [0.95, 0.95]0.00+0.95 [0.95, 0.95]0.95 [0.95, 0.95]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.05—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinear30d2 1 QC1.06 [0.90, 1.23]0.16+1.06 [0.90, 1.23]1.07 [0.90, 1.23]50% [0%, 100%]100%100%+0.29+0.672026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinear90d2 1 QC1.06 [0.90, 1.23]0.16+1.06 [0.90, 1.23]1.07 [0.90, 1.23]50% [0%, 100%]100%100%+0.29+0.672026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinear365d2 1 QC1.06 [0.90, 1.23]0.16+1.06 [0.90, 1.23]1.07 [0.90, 1.23]50% [0%, 100%]100%100%+0.29+0.672026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinearall2 1 QC1.06 [0.90, 1.23]0.16+1.06 [0.90, 1.23]1.07 [0.90, 1.23]50% [0%, 100%]100%100%+0.29+0.672026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearest30d2 1 QC1.10 [0.95, 1.24]0.15+1.10 [0.95, 1.24]1.11 [0.95, 1.24]50% [0%, 100%]100%100%+0.27+0.712026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearest90d2 1 QC1.10 [0.95, 1.24]0.15+1.10 [0.95, 1.24]1.11 [0.95, 1.24]50% [0%, 100%]100%100%+0.27+0.712026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearest365d2 1 QC1.10 [0.95, 1.24]0.15+1.10 [0.95, 1.24]1.11 [0.95, 1.24]50% [0%, 100%]100%100%+0.27+0.712026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearestall2 1 QC1.10 [0.95, 1.24]0.15+1.10 [0.95, 1.24]1.11 [0.95, 1.24]50% [0%, 100%]100%100%+0.27+0.712026-08-29 → 2026-08-30

+ model too warm · − model too cold · bias interval includes zero · ★ lowest MAE · = not distinguishable from the leader · ▼ significantly worse · n < 30 greyed and unranked · CI is a 95 % moving-block bootstrap interval.

Daily error, last 90 days

Daily forecast minus observed error in °F for GraphCast (GFS init) at KIAH, lead day 1, 00Z bilinear tmax+10+50-5-102026-08-30: -5.55 °F2026-08-30°F, forecast − observed
Forecast − observed, °F, 00Z bilinear daily maximum. The dashed line is zero; the thick line is a centred 7-day mean, drawn only where the whole window is present. Gaps are days with no score, never interpolation. Hover a point for its date and value.
The same series as a table (1 days, newest first) · download CSV
Climatological dayError °F
2026-08-30-5.55

Error distribution

Distribution of the signed daily error in °F for GraphCast (GFS init) at KIAH, lead day 1-10 to -9 °F: 0 days-9 to -8 °F: 0 days-8 to -7 °F: 0 days-7 to -6 °F: 0 days-6 to -5 °F: 1 day-5 to -4 °F: 0 days-4 to -3 °F: 0 days-3 to -2 °F: 0 days-2 to -1 °F: 0 days-1 to 0 °F: 0 days0 to 1 °F: 0 days1 to 2 °F: 0 days2 to 3 °F: 0 days3 to 4 °F: 0 days4 to 5 °F: 0 days5 to 6 °F: 0 days6 to 7 °F: 0 days7 to 8 °F: 0 days8 to 9 °F: 0 days9 to 10 °F: 0 daysdashed: P50 |e| 5.55 · P90 |e| 5.55 °F-100+10 °Fn = 1 days
All scored days for 00Z bilinear daily maximum, 20 equal bins. The dashed marks are the 50th and 90th percentiles of the absolute error, mirrored on both sides. Hover a bar for its bin and count.
Bin counts as a table
From °FTo °FDays
-10.00-9.000
-9.00-8.000
-8.00-7.000
-7.00-6.000
-6.00-5.001
-5.00-4.000
-4.00-3.000
-3.00-2.000
-2.00-1.000
-1.00+0.000
+0.00+1.000
+1.00+2.000
+2.00+3.000
+3.00+4.000
+4.00+5.000
+5.00+6.000
+6.00+7.000
+7.00+8.000
+8.00+9.000
+9.00+10.000

Month by month

00Z bilinear daily maximum, newest first.

Monthn MAE °FBias °F
2026-0815.55 -5.55

Availability

ModelScored period DaysCoverage
GraphCast (GFS init)2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30 1
GraphCast (GFS init)2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30 1
GraphCast (GFS init)2026-08-29 → 2026-08-30 2
GraphCast (GFS init)2026-08-29 → 2026-08-30 2

Compared with other models

Paired bootstrap on the days both models cover (90d, 00Z, bilinear, daily maximum). Negative means GraphCast (GFS init) has the lower MAE. "Distinguishable" means the 95 % interval excludes zero.

Other modelCommon days MAE difference °FDistinguishable
ECMWF AIFS Single 1 +3.05 [3.05, 3.05] yes
Aurora (GFS init) 1 -0.83 [-0.83, -0.83] yes
Aurora (IFS init) 1 -1.26 [-1.26, -1.26] yes
FourCastNet v2 (GFS init) 1 +2.16 [2.16, 2.16] yes
FourCastNet v2 (IFS init) 1 +2.00 [2.00, 2.00] yes
NCEP GFS 1 +5.17 [5.17, 5.17] yes
GraphCast (IFS init) 1 -1.48 [-1.48, -1.48] yes
ECMWF IFS HRES 1 +1.21 [1.21, 1.21] yes
Pangu-Weather (GFS init) 1 +3.41 [3.41, 3.41] yes
Pangu-Weather (IFS init) 1 +2.12 [2.12, 2.12] yes
Persistence (baseline) 1 +5.55 [5.55, 5.55] yes

Cite this page

ShortCastCheck, KIAH graphcast_gfs lead 1, methodology v0.2, accessed 2026-08-31, https://castcheck.zifanzhang.com/station/KIAH/model/graphcast_gfs/lead/1/

LongCastCheck (2026). Station-level verification of raw weather-model 2 m temperature forecasts: KIAH (Houston Bush), model graphcast_gfs, lead day 1. Methodology version 0.2, schema version 0.1, data through 2026-08-30. Accessed 2026-08-31. https://castcheck.zifanzhang.com/station/KIAH/model/graphcast_gfs/lead/1/

Accessed2026-08-31 (data through 2026-08-30; page built 2026-08-31T03:52:06+00:00)

JSON CSV all scores methodology v0.2 licence