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CastCheck methodology v0.2 · data through 2026-08-30

Phoenix Sky Harbor · Pangu-Weather (GFS init) · lead day 1

KPHX · pangu_gfs · lead 1

Target day = initialization date + 1 day. This page is a permanent link: the numbers change as history accumulates, the address and the methodology version do not.

Scores use the latest model version segment, PANG_v100, starting 2026-08-28 — days before that ran a different version of the model and are excluded rather than silently pooled. Of the scored days, 1 carry a QC flag on the observation.

JSON for this page CSV of the daily errors Cite this page

Every number for this combination

All four windows × both initializations × both interpolations × both variables. Errors are computed in °C and shown in °F; CI is a 95 % moving-block bootstrap interval. MAE debiased and skill, debiased remove the constant offset of the window first, so a station that the model always reads a degree too warm is not scored as if it had no skill — compare the two skill columns to see how much of the error is a fixed offset. n QC next to n counts days whose observation carries a QC flag.

VariableInitMethod Windown MAE °F MAE debiased Bias °F RMSE °F ±1 °F±2 °F±3 °F Skill Skill, debiased Period
tmax00Zbilinear30d1 1 QC7.42 [7.42, 7.42]0.00-7.42 [-7.42, -7.42]7.42 [7.42, 7.42]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.06—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Zbilinear90d1 1 QC7.42 [7.42, 7.42]0.00-7.42 [-7.42, -7.42]7.42 [7.42, 7.42]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.06—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Zbilinear365d1 1 QC7.42 [7.42, 7.42]0.00-7.42 [-7.42, -7.42]7.42 [7.42, 7.42]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.06—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Zbilinearall1 1 QC7.42 [7.42, 7.42]0.00-7.42 [-7.42, -7.42]7.42 [7.42, 7.42]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.06—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearest30d1 1 QC7.59 [7.59, 7.59]0.00-7.59 [-7.59, -7.59]7.59 [7.59, 7.59]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.08—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearest90d1 1 QC7.59 [7.59, 7.59]0.00-7.59 [-7.59, -7.59]7.59 [7.59, 7.59]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.08—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearest365d1 1 QC7.59 [7.59, 7.59]0.00-7.59 [-7.59, -7.59]7.59 [7.59, 7.59]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.08—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearestall1 1 QC7.59 [7.59, 7.59]0.00-7.59 [-7.59, -7.59]7.59 [7.59, 7.59]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.08—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinear30d2 1 QC7.83 [7.69, 7.97]0.14-7.83 [-7.97, -7.69]7.83 [7.69, 7.97]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.96+0.962026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinear90d2 1 QC7.83 [7.69, 7.97]0.14-7.83 [-7.97, -7.69]7.83 [7.69, 7.97]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.96+0.962026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinear365d2 1 QC7.83 [7.69, 7.97]0.14-7.83 [-7.97, -7.69]7.83 [7.69, 7.97]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.96+0.962026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinearall2 1 QC7.83 [7.69, 7.97]0.14-7.83 [-7.97, -7.69]7.83 [7.69, 7.97]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.96+0.962026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearest30d2 1 QC7.81 [7.60, 8.02]0.21-7.81 [-8.02, -7.60]7.82 [7.60, 8.02]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.95+0.952026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearest90d2 1 QC7.81 [7.60, 8.02]0.21-7.81 [-8.02, -7.60]7.82 [7.60, 8.02]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.95+0.952026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearest365d2 1 QC7.81 [7.60, 8.02]0.21-7.81 [-8.02, -7.60]7.82 [7.60, 8.02]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.95+0.952026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearestall2 1 QC7.81 [7.60, 8.02]0.21-7.81 [-8.02, -7.60]7.82 [7.60, 8.02]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.95+0.952026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinear30d1 1 QC1.48 [1.48, 1.48]0.00-1.48 [-1.48, -1.48]1.48 [1.48, 1.48]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%+0.26—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinear90d1 1 QC1.48 [1.48, 1.48]0.00-1.48 [-1.48, -1.48]1.48 [1.48, 1.48]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%+0.26—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinear365d1 1 QC1.48 [1.48, 1.48]0.00-1.48 [-1.48, -1.48]1.48 [1.48, 1.48]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%+0.26—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinearall1 1 QC1.48 [1.48, 1.48]0.00-1.48 [-1.48, -1.48]1.48 [1.48, 1.48]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%+0.26—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearest30d1 1 QC1.71 [1.71, 1.71]0.00-1.71 [-1.71, -1.71]1.71 [1.71, 1.71]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%+0.14—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearest90d1 1 QC1.71 [1.71, 1.71]0.00-1.71 [-1.71, -1.71]1.71 [1.71, 1.71]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%+0.14—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearest365d1 1 QC1.71 [1.71, 1.71]0.00-1.71 [-1.71, -1.71]1.71 [1.71, 1.71]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%+0.14—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearestall1 1 QC1.71 [1.71, 1.71]0.00-1.71 [-1.71, -1.71]1.71 [1.71, 1.71]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%+0.14—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinear30d2 1 QC0.77 [0.36, 1.17]0.77-0.41 [-1.17, 0.36]0.87 [0.36, 1.17]50% [0%, 100%]100%100%+0.74+0.232026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinear90d2 1 QC0.77 [0.36, 1.17]0.77-0.41 [-1.17, 0.36]0.87 [0.36, 1.17]50% [0%, 100%]100%100%+0.74+0.232026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinear365d2 1 QC0.77 [0.36, 1.17]0.77-0.41 [-1.17, 0.36]0.87 [0.36, 1.17]50% [0%, 100%]100%100%+0.74+0.232026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinearall2 1 QC0.77 [0.36, 1.17]0.77-0.41 [-1.17, 0.36]0.87 [0.36, 1.17]50% [0%, 100%]100%100%+0.74+0.232026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearest30d2 1 QC1.34 [1.34, 1.35]1.34-0.01 [-1.35, 1.34]1.34 [1.34, 1.35]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%+0.55-0.342026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearest90d2 1 QC1.34 [1.34, 1.35]1.34-0.01 [-1.35, 1.34]1.34 [1.34, 1.35]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%+0.55-0.342026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearest365d2 1 QC1.34 [1.34, 1.35]1.34-0.01 [-1.35, 1.34]1.34 [1.34, 1.35]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%+0.55-0.342026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearestall2 1 QC1.34 [1.34, 1.35]1.34-0.01 [-1.35, 1.34]1.34 [1.34, 1.35]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%+0.55-0.342026-08-29 → 2026-08-30

+ model too warm · − model too cold · bias interval includes zero · ★ lowest MAE · = not distinguishable from the leader · ▼ significantly worse · n < 30 greyed and unranked · CI is a 95 % moving-block bootstrap interval.

Daily error, last 90 days

Daily forecast minus observed error in °F for Pangu-Weather (GFS init) at KPHX, lead day 1, 00Z bilinear tmax+10+50-5-102026-08-30: -7.42 °F2026-08-30°F, forecast − observed
Forecast − observed, °F, 00Z bilinear daily maximum. The dashed line is zero; the thick line is a centred 7-day mean, drawn only where the whole window is present. Gaps are days with no score, never interpolation. Hover a point for its date and value.
The same series as a table (1 days, newest first) · download CSV
Climatological dayError °F
2026-08-30-7.42

Error distribution

Distribution of the signed daily error in °F for Pangu-Weather (GFS init) at KPHX, lead day 1-10 to -9 °F: 0 days-9 to -8 °F: 0 days-8 to -7 °F: 1 day-7 to -6 °F: 0 days-6 to -5 °F: 0 days-5 to -4 °F: 0 days-4 to -3 °F: 0 days-3 to -2 °F: 0 days-2 to -1 °F: 0 days-1 to 0 °F: 0 days0 to 1 °F: 0 days1 to 2 °F: 0 days2 to 3 °F: 0 days3 to 4 °F: 0 days4 to 5 °F: 0 days5 to 6 °F: 0 days6 to 7 °F: 0 days7 to 8 °F: 0 days8 to 9 °F: 0 days9 to 10 °F: 0 daysdashed: P50 |e| 7.42 · P90 |e| 7.42 °F-100+10 °Fn = 1 days
All scored days for 00Z bilinear daily maximum, 20 equal bins. The dashed marks are the 50th and 90th percentiles of the absolute error, mirrored on both sides. Hover a bar for its bin and count.
Bin counts as a table
From °FTo °FDays
-10.00-9.000
-9.00-8.000
-8.00-7.001
-7.00-6.000
-6.00-5.000
-5.00-4.000
-4.00-3.000
-3.00-2.000
-2.00-1.000
-1.00+0.000
+0.00+1.000
+1.00+2.000
+2.00+3.000
+3.00+4.000
+4.00+5.000
+5.00+6.000
+6.00+7.000
+7.00+8.000
+8.00+9.000
+9.00+10.000

Month by month

00Z bilinear daily maximum, newest first.

Monthn MAE °FBias °F
2026-0817.42 -7.42

Availability

ModelScored period DaysCoverage
Pangu-Weather (GFS init)2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30 1
Pangu-Weather (GFS init)2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30 1
Pangu-Weather (GFS init)2026-08-29 → 2026-08-30 2
Pangu-Weather (GFS init)2026-08-29 → 2026-08-30 2

Compared with other models

Paired bootstrap on the days both models cover (90d, 00Z, bilinear, daily maximum). Negative means Pangu-Weather (GFS init) has the lower MAE. "Distinguishable" means the 95 % interval excludes zero.

Other modelCommon days MAE difference °FDistinguishable
ECMWF AIFS Single 1 -1.43 [-1.43, -1.43] yes
Aurora (GFS init) 1 -7.16 [-7.16, -7.16] yes
Aurora (IFS init) 1 -0.78 [-0.78, -0.78] yes
FourCastNet v2 (GFS init) 1 -5.22 [-5.22, -5.22] yes
FourCastNet v2 (IFS init) 1 -1.67 [-1.67, -1.67] yes
NCEP GFS 1 +5.22 [5.22, 5.22] yes
GraphCast (GFS init) 1 -6.48 [-6.48, -6.48] yes
GraphCast (IFS init) 1 +0.29 [0.29, 0.29] yes
ECMWF IFS HRES 1 +2.44 [2.44, 2.44] yes
Pangu-Weather (IFS init) 1 +1.57 [1.57, 1.57] yes
Persistence (baseline) 1 +0.42 [0.42, 0.42] yes

Cite this page

ShortCastCheck, KPHX pangu_gfs lead 1, methodology v0.2, accessed 2026-08-31, https://castcheck.zifanzhang.com/station/KPHX/model/pangu_gfs/lead/1/

LongCastCheck (2026). Station-level verification of raw weather-model 2 m temperature forecasts: KPHX (Phoenix Sky Harbor), model pangu_gfs, lead day 1. Methodology version 0.2, schema version 0.1, data through 2026-08-30. Accessed 2026-08-31. https://castcheck.zifanzhang.com/station/KPHX/model/pangu_gfs/lead/1/

Accessed2026-08-31 (data through 2026-08-30; page built 2026-08-31T03:52:06+00:00)

JSON CSV all scores methodology v0.2 licence