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CastCheck methodology v0.2 · data through 2026-08-30

Trenton Mercer · GraphCast (GFS init) · lead day 1

KTTN · graphcast_gfs · lead 1

Target day = initialization date + 1 day. This page is a permanent link: the numbers change as history accumulates, the address and the methodology version do not.

Scores use the latest model version segment, GRAP_v100, starting 2026-08-28 — days before that ran a different version of the model and are excluded rather than silently pooled. Of the scored days, 1 carry a QC flag on the observation.

JSON for this page CSV of the daily errors Cite this page

Every number for this combination

All four windows × both initializations × both interpolations × both variables. Errors are computed in °C and shown in °F; CI is a 95 % moving-block bootstrap interval. MAE debiased and skill, debiased remove the constant offset of the window first, so a station that the model always reads a degree too warm is not scored as if it had no skill — compare the two skill columns to see how much of the error is a fixed offset. n QC next to n counts days whose observation carries a QC flag.

VariableInitMethod Windown MAE °F MAE debiased Bias °F RMSE °F ±1 °F±2 °F±3 °F Skill Skill, debiased Period
tmax00Zbilinear30d1 1 QC3.44 [3.44, 3.44]0.00-3.44 [-3.44, -3.44]3.44 [3.44, 3.44]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%+0.14—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Zbilinear90d1 1 QC3.44 [3.44, 3.44]0.00-3.44 [-3.44, -3.44]3.44 [3.44, 3.44]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%+0.14—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Zbilinear365d1 1 QC3.44 [3.44, 3.44]0.00-3.44 [-3.44, -3.44]3.44 [3.44, 3.44]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%+0.14—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Zbilinearall1 1 QC3.44 [3.44, 3.44]0.00-3.44 [-3.44, -3.44]3.44 [3.44, 3.44]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%+0.14—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearest30d1 1 QC3.25 [3.25, 3.25]0.00-3.25 [-3.25, -3.25]3.25 [3.25, 3.25]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%+0.19—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearest90d1 1 QC3.25 [3.25, 3.25]0.00-3.25 [-3.25, -3.25]3.25 [3.25, 3.25]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%+0.19—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearest365d1 1 QC3.25 [3.25, 3.25]0.00-3.25 [-3.25, -3.25]3.25 [3.25, 3.25]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%+0.19—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearestall1 1 QC3.25 [3.25, 3.25]0.00-3.25 [-3.25, -3.25]3.25 [3.25, 3.25]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%+0.19—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinear30d2 1 QC0.91 [0.49, 1.32]0.41-0.91 [-1.32, -0.49]1.00 [0.49, 1.32]50% [0%, 100%]100%100%+0.80+0.912026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinear90d2 1 QC0.91 [0.49, 1.32]0.41-0.91 [-1.32, -0.49]1.00 [0.49, 1.32]50% [0%, 100%]100%100%+0.80+0.912026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinear365d2 1 QC0.91 [0.49, 1.32]0.41-0.91 [-1.32, -0.49]1.00 [0.49, 1.32]50% [0%, 100%]100%100%+0.80+0.912026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinearall2 1 QC0.91 [0.49, 1.32]0.41-0.91 [-1.32, -0.49]1.00 [0.49, 1.32]50% [0%, 100%]100%100%+0.80+0.912026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearest30d2 1 QC0.68 [0.30, 1.06]0.38-0.68 [-1.06, -0.30]0.78 [0.30, 1.06]50% [0%, 100%]100%100%+0.85+0.922026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearest90d2 1 QC0.68 [0.30, 1.06]0.38-0.68 [-1.06, -0.30]0.78 [0.30, 1.06]50% [0%, 100%]100%100%+0.85+0.922026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearest365d2 1 QC0.68 [0.30, 1.06]0.38-0.68 [-1.06, -0.30]0.78 [0.30, 1.06]50% [0%, 100%]100%100%+0.85+0.922026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearestall2 1 QC0.68 [0.30, 1.06]0.38-0.68 [-1.06, -0.30]0.78 [0.30, 1.06]50% [0%, 100%]100%100%+0.85+0.922026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinear30d1 1 QC6.61 [6.61, 6.61]0.00+6.61 [6.61, 6.61]6.61 [6.61, 6.61]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-5.61—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinear90d1 1 QC6.61 [6.61, 6.61]0.00+6.61 [6.61, 6.61]6.61 [6.61, 6.61]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-5.61—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinear365d1 1 QC6.61 [6.61, 6.61]0.00+6.61 [6.61, 6.61]6.61 [6.61, 6.61]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-5.61—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinearall1 1 QC6.61 [6.61, 6.61]0.00+6.61 [6.61, 6.61]6.61 [6.61, 6.61]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-5.61—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearest30d1 1 QC6.77 [6.77, 6.77]0.00+6.77 [6.77, 6.77]6.77 [6.77, 6.77]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-5.77—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearest90d1 1 QC6.77 [6.77, 6.77]0.00+6.77 [6.77, 6.77]6.77 [6.77, 6.77]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-5.77—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearest365d1 1 QC6.77 [6.77, 6.77]0.00+6.77 [6.77, 6.77]6.77 [6.77, 6.77]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-5.77—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearestall1 1 QC6.77 [6.77, 6.77]0.00+6.77 [6.77, 6.77]6.77 [6.77, 6.77]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-5.77—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinear30d2 1 QC6.37 [6.06, 6.68]0.31+6.37 [6.06, 6.68]6.38 [6.06, 6.68]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.59+0.902026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinear90d2 1 QC6.37 [6.06, 6.68]0.31+6.37 [6.06, 6.68]6.38 [6.06, 6.68]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.59+0.902026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinear365d2 1 QC6.37 [6.06, 6.68]0.31+6.37 [6.06, 6.68]6.38 [6.06, 6.68]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.59+0.902026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinearall2 1 QC6.37 [6.06, 6.68]0.31+6.37 [6.06, 6.68]6.38 [6.06, 6.68]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.59+0.902026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearest30d2 1 QC6.55 [6.30, 6.81]0.26+6.55 [6.30, 6.81]6.56 [6.30, 6.81]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.64+0.912026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearest90d2 1 QC6.55 [6.30, 6.81]0.26+6.55 [6.30, 6.81]6.56 [6.30, 6.81]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.64+0.912026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearest365d2 1 QC6.55 [6.30, 6.81]0.26+6.55 [6.30, 6.81]6.56 [6.30, 6.81]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.64+0.912026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearestall2 1 QC6.55 [6.30, 6.81]0.26+6.55 [6.30, 6.81]6.56 [6.30, 6.81]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.64+0.912026-08-29 → 2026-08-30

+ model too warm · − model too cold · bias interval includes zero · ★ lowest MAE · = not distinguishable from the leader · ▼ significantly worse · n < 30 greyed and unranked · CI is a 95 % moving-block bootstrap interval.

Daily error, last 90 days

Daily forecast minus observed error in °F for GraphCast (GFS init) at KTTN, lead day 1, 00Z bilinear tmax+5+2.50-2.5-52026-08-30: -3.44 °F2026-08-30°F, forecast − observed
Forecast − observed, °F, 00Z bilinear daily maximum. The dashed line is zero; the thick line is a centred 7-day mean, drawn only where the whole window is present. Gaps are days with no score, never interpolation. Hover a point for its date and value.
The same series as a table (1 days, newest first) · download CSV
Climatological dayError °F
2026-08-30-3.44

Error distribution

Distribution of the signed daily error in °F for GraphCast (GFS init) at KTTN, lead day 1-5 to -4.5 °F: 0 days-4.5 to -4 °F: 0 days-4 to -3.5 °F: 0 days-3.5 to -3 °F: 1 day-3 to -2.5 °F: 0 days-2.5 to -2 °F: 0 days-2 to -1.5 °F: 0 days-1.5 to -1 °F: 0 days-1 to -0.5 °F: 0 days-0.5 to 0 °F: 0 days0 to 0.5 °F: 0 days0.5 to 1 °F: 0 days1 to 1.5 °F: 0 days1.5 to 2 °F: 0 days2 to 2.5 °F: 0 days2.5 to 3 °F: 0 days3 to 3.5 °F: 0 days3.5 to 4 °F: 0 days4 to 4.5 °F: 0 days4.5 to 5 °F: 0 daysdashed: P50 |e| 3.44 · P90 |e| 3.44 °F-50+5 °Fn = 1 days
All scored days for 00Z bilinear daily maximum, 20 equal bins. The dashed marks are the 50th and 90th percentiles of the absolute error, mirrored on both sides. Hover a bar for its bin and count.
Bin counts as a table
From °FTo °FDays
-5.00-4.500
-4.50-4.000
-4.00-3.500
-3.50-3.001
-3.00-2.500
-2.50-2.000
-2.00-1.500
-1.50-1.000
-1.00-0.500
-0.50+0.000
+0.00+0.500
+0.50+1.000
+1.00+1.500
+1.50+2.000
+2.00+2.500
+2.50+3.000
+3.00+3.500
+3.50+4.000
+4.00+4.500
+4.50+5.000

Month by month

00Z bilinear daily maximum, newest first.

Monthn MAE °FBias °F
2026-0813.44 -3.44

Availability

ModelScored period DaysCoverage
GraphCast (GFS init)2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30 1
GraphCast (GFS init)2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30 1
GraphCast (GFS init)2026-08-29 → 2026-08-30 2
GraphCast (GFS init)2026-08-29 → 2026-08-30 2

Compared with other models

Paired bootstrap on the days both models cover (90d, 00Z, bilinear, daily maximum). Negative means GraphCast (GFS init) has the lower MAE. "Distinguishable" means the 95 % interval excludes zero.

Other modelCommon days MAE difference °FDistinguishable
ECMWF AIFS Single 1 +2.64 [2.64, 2.64] yes
Aurora (GFS init) 1 +1.01 [1.01, 1.01] yes
Aurora (IFS init) 1 +2.46 [2.46, 2.46] yes
FourCastNet v2 (GFS init) 1 +2.25 [2.25, 2.25] yes
FourCastNet v2 (IFS init) 1 +1.45 [1.45, 1.45] yes
NCEP GFS 1 -1.03 [-1.03, -1.03] yes
GraphCast (IFS init) 1 +0.88 [0.88, 0.88] yes
ECMWF IFS HRES 1 +2.58 [2.58, 2.58] yes
Pangu-Weather (GFS init) 1 +0.98 [0.98, 0.98] yes
Pangu-Weather (IFS init) 1 +1.90 [1.90, 1.90] yes
Persistence (baseline) 1 -0.56 [-0.56, -0.56] yes

Cite this page

ShortCastCheck, KTTN graphcast_gfs lead 1, methodology v0.2, accessed 2026-08-31, https://castcheck.zifanzhang.com/station/KTTN/model/graphcast_gfs/lead/1/

LongCastCheck (2026). Station-level verification of raw weather-model 2 m temperature forecasts: KTTN (Trenton Mercer), model graphcast_gfs, lead day 1. Methodology version 0.2, schema version 0.1, data through 2026-08-30. Accessed 2026-08-31. https://castcheck.zifanzhang.com/station/KTTN/model/graphcast_gfs/lead/1/

Accessed2026-08-31 (data through 2026-08-30; page built 2026-08-31T03:52:06+00:00)

JSON CSV all scores methodology v0.2 licence