Raw model output on the native 0.25° grid — no MOS, no bias correction, no post-processing. Scores understate operational forecast quality. Read the fairness statement →

CastCheck methodology v0.2 · data through 2026-08-30

San Antonio Intl · Pangu-Weather (IFS init) · lead day 1

KSAT · pangu_ifs · lead 1

Target day = initialization date + 1 day. This page is a permanent link: the numbers change as history accumulates, the address and the methodology version do not.

Scores use the latest model version segment, PANG_v100, starting 2026-08-28 — days before that ran a different version of the model and are excluded rather than silently pooled. Of the scored days, 1 carry a QC flag on the observation.

JSON for this page CSV of the daily errors Cite this page

Every number for this combination

All four windows × both initializations × both interpolations × both variables. Errors are computed in °C and shown in °F; CI is a 95 % moving-block bootstrap interval. MAE debiased and skill, debiased remove the constant offset of the window first, so a station that the model always reads a degree too warm is not scored as if it had no skill — compare the two skill columns to see how much of the error is a fixed offset. n QC next to n counts days whose observation carries a QC flag.

VariableInitMethod Windown MAE °F MAE debiased Bias °F RMSE °F ±1 °F±2 °F±3 °F Skill Skill, debiased Period
tmax00Zbilinear30d2 1 QC3.94 [3.67, 4.21]0.27-3.94 [-4.21, -3.67]3.95 [3.67, 4.21]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-1.63+0.462026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Zbilinear90d2 1 QC3.94 [3.67, 4.21]0.27-3.94 [-4.21, -3.67]3.95 [3.67, 4.21]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-1.63+0.462026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Zbilinear365d2 1 QC3.94 [3.67, 4.21]0.27-3.94 [-4.21, -3.67]3.95 [3.67, 4.21]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-1.63+0.462026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Zbilinearall2 1 QC3.94 [3.67, 4.21]0.27-3.94 [-4.21, -3.67]3.95 [3.67, 4.21]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-1.63+0.462026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearest30d2 1 QC3.86 [3.61, 4.11]0.25-3.86 [-4.11, -3.61]3.87 [3.61, 4.11]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-1.57+0.492026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearest90d2 1 QC3.86 [3.61, 4.11]0.25-3.86 [-4.11, -3.61]3.87 [3.61, 4.11]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-1.57+0.492026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearest365d2 1 QC3.86 [3.61, 4.11]0.25-3.86 [-4.11, -3.61]3.87 [3.61, 4.11]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-1.57+0.492026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearestall2 1 QC3.86 [3.61, 4.11]0.25-3.86 [-4.11, -3.61]3.87 [3.61, 4.11]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-1.57+0.492026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinear30d2 1 QC3.38 [2.82, 3.94]0.56-3.38 [-3.94, -2.82]3.43 [2.82, 3.94]0% [0%, 0%]0%50%-1.26-0.122026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinear90d2 1 QC3.38 [2.82, 3.94]0.56-3.38 [-3.94, -2.82]3.43 [2.82, 3.94]0% [0%, 0%]0%50%-1.26-0.122026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinear365d2 1 QC3.38 [2.82, 3.94]0.56-3.38 [-3.94, -2.82]3.43 [2.82, 3.94]0% [0%, 0%]0%50%-1.26-0.122026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinearall2 1 QC3.38 [2.82, 3.94]0.56-3.38 [-3.94, -2.82]3.43 [2.82, 3.94]0% [0%, 0%]0%50%-1.26-0.122026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearest30d2 1 QC3.28 [2.72, 3.84]0.56-3.28 [-3.84, -2.72]3.33 [2.72, 3.84]0% [0%, 0%]0%50%-1.19-0.112026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearest90d2 1 QC3.28 [2.72, 3.84]0.56-3.28 [-3.84, -2.72]3.33 [2.72, 3.84]0% [0%, 0%]0%50%-1.19-0.112026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearest365d2 1 QC3.28 [2.72, 3.84]0.56-3.28 [-3.84, -2.72]3.33 [2.72, 3.84]0% [0%, 0%]0%50%-1.19-0.112026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearestall2 1 QC3.28 [2.72, 3.84]0.56-3.28 [-3.84, -2.72]3.33 [2.72, 3.84]0% [0%, 0%]0%50%-1.19-0.112026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinear30d2 1 QC1.70 [0.02, 3.37]1.67-1.70 [-3.37, -0.02]2.38 [0.02, 3.37]50% [0%, 100%]50%50%+0.43-0.672026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinear90d2 1 QC1.70 [0.02, 3.37]1.67-1.70 [-3.37, -0.02]2.38 [0.02, 3.37]50% [0%, 100%]50%50%+0.43-0.672026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinear365d2 1 QC1.70 [0.02, 3.37]1.67-1.70 [-3.37, -0.02]2.38 [0.02, 3.37]50% [0%, 100%]50%50%+0.43-0.672026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinearall2 1 QC1.70 [0.02, 3.37]1.67-1.70 [-3.37, -0.02]2.38 [0.02, 3.37]50% [0%, 100%]50%50%+0.43-0.672026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearest30d2 1 QC1.68 [0.12, 3.25]1.68-1.57 [-3.25, 0.12]2.30 [0.12, 3.25]50% [0%, 100%]50%50%+0.44-0.682026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearest90d2 1 QC1.68 [0.12, 3.25]1.68-1.57 [-3.25, 0.12]2.30 [0.12, 3.25]50% [0%, 100%]50%50%+0.44-0.682026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearest365d2 1 QC1.68 [0.12, 3.25]1.68-1.57 [-3.25, 0.12]2.30 [0.12, 3.25]50% [0%, 100%]50%50%+0.44-0.682026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearestall2 1 QC1.68 [0.12, 3.25]1.68-1.57 [-3.25, 0.12]2.30 [0.12, 3.25]50% [0%, 100%]50%50%+0.44-0.682026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinear30d2 1 QC1.98 [0.32, 3.64]1.66-1.98 [-3.64, -0.32]2.58 [0.32, 3.64]50% [0%, 100%]50%50%+0.34-0.662026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinear90d2 1 QC1.98 [0.32, 3.64]1.66-1.98 [-3.64, -0.32]2.58 [0.32, 3.64]50% [0%, 100%]50%50%+0.34-0.662026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinear365d2 1 QC1.98 [0.32, 3.64]1.66-1.98 [-3.64, -0.32]2.58 [0.32, 3.64]50% [0%, 100%]50%50%+0.34-0.662026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinearall2 1 QC1.98 [0.32, 3.64]1.66-1.98 [-3.64, -0.32]2.58 [0.32, 3.64]50% [0%, 100%]50%50%+0.34-0.662026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearest30d2 1 QC1.75 [0.10, 3.40]1.65-1.75 [-3.40, -0.10]2.40 [0.10, 3.40]50% [0%, 100%]50%50%+0.42-0.652026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearest90d2 1 QC1.75 [0.10, 3.40]1.65-1.75 [-3.40, -0.10]2.40 [0.10, 3.40]50% [0%, 100%]50%50%+0.42-0.652026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearest365d2 1 QC1.75 [0.10, 3.40]1.65-1.75 [-3.40, -0.10]2.40 [0.10, 3.40]50% [0%, 100%]50%50%+0.42-0.652026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearestall2 1 QC1.75 [0.10, 3.40]1.65-1.75 [-3.40, -0.10]2.40 [0.10, 3.40]50% [0%, 100%]50%50%+0.42-0.652026-08-29 → 2026-08-30

+ model too warm · − model too cold · bias interval includes zero · ★ lowest MAE · = not distinguishable from the leader · ▼ significantly worse · n < 30 greyed and unranked · CI is a 95 % moving-block bootstrap interval.

Daily error, last 90 days

Daily forecast minus observed error in °F for Pangu-Weather (IFS init) at KSAT, lead day 1, 00Z bilinear tmax+5+2.50-2.5-52026-08-29: -4.21 °F2026-08-30: -3.67 °F2026-08-292026-08-30°F, forecast − observed
Forecast − observed, °F, 00Z bilinear daily maximum. The dashed line is zero; the thick line is a centred 7-day mean, drawn only where the whole window is present. Gaps are days with no score, never interpolation. Hover a point for its date and value.
The same series as a table (2 days, newest first) · download CSV
Climatological dayError °F
2026-08-30-3.67
2026-08-29-4.21

Error distribution

Distribution of the signed daily error in °F for Pangu-Weather (IFS init) at KSAT, lead day 1-5 to -4.5 °F: 0 days-4.5 to -4 °F: 1 day-4 to -3.5 °F: 1 day-3.5 to -3 °F: 0 days-3 to -2.5 °F: 0 days-2.5 to -2 °F: 0 days-2 to -1.5 °F: 0 days-1.5 to -1 °F: 0 days-1 to -0.5 °F: 0 days-0.5 to 0 °F: 0 days0 to 0.5 °F: 0 days0.5 to 1 °F: 0 days1 to 1.5 °F: 0 days1.5 to 2 °F: 0 days2 to 2.5 °F: 0 days2.5 to 3 °F: 0 days3 to 3.5 °F: 0 days3.5 to 4 °F: 0 days4 to 4.5 °F: 0 days4.5 to 5 °F: 0 daysdashed: P50 |e| 3.94 · P90 |e| 4.16 °F-50+5 °Fn = 2 days
All scored days for 00Z bilinear daily maximum, 20 equal bins. The dashed marks are the 50th and 90th percentiles of the absolute error, mirrored on both sides. Hover a bar for its bin and count.
Bin counts as a table
From °FTo °FDays
-5.00-4.500
-4.50-4.001
-4.00-3.501
-3.50-3.000
-3.00-2.500
-2.50-2.000
-2.00-1.500
-1.50-1.000
-1.00-0.500
-0.50+0.000
+0.00+0.500
+0.50+1.000
+1.00+1.500
+1.50+2.000
+2.00+2.500
+2.50+3.000
+3.00+3.500
+3.50+4.000
+4.00+4.500
+4.50+5.000

Month by month

00Z bilinear daily maximum, newest first.

Monthn MAE °FBias °F
2026-0823.94 -3.94

Availability

ModelScored period DaysCoverage
Pangu-Weather (IFS init)2026-08-29 → 2026-08-30 2
Pangu-Weather (IFS init)2026-08-29 → 2026-08-30 2
Pangu-Weather (IFS init)2026-08-29 → 2026-08-30 2
Pangu-Weather (IFS init)2026-08-29 → 2026-08-30 2

Compared with other models

Paired bootstrap on the days both models cover (90d, 00Z, bilinear, daily maximum). Negative means Pangu-Weather (IFS init) has the lower MAE. "Distinguishable" means the 95 % interval excludes zero.

Other modelCommon days MAE difference °FDistinguishable
ECMWF AIFS Single 2 +2.41 [1.97, 2.85] yes
Aurora (GFS init) 1 -4.14 [-4.14, -4.14] yes
Aurora (IFS init) 2 -2.11 [-2.47, -1.74] yes
FourCastNet v2 (GFS init) 1 -0.12 [-0.12, -0.12] yes
FourCastNet v2 (IFS init) 2 +1.22 [1.03, 1.40] yes
NCEP GFS 2 -0.48 [-1.61, 0.65] no
GraphCast (GFS init) 1 -3.85 [-3.85, -3.85] yes
GraphCast (IFS init) 2 -2.66 [-2.72, -2.61] yes
ECMWF IFS HRES 2 +1.60 [0.63, 2.57] yes
Pangu-Weather (GFS init) 1 +0.51 [0.51, 0.51] yes
Persistence (baseline) 2 +2.44 [2.21, 2.67] yes

Cite this page

ShortCastCheck, KSAT pangu_ifs lead 1, methodology v0.2, accessed 2026-08-31, https://castcheck.zifanzhang.com/station/KSAT/model/pangu_ifs/lead/1/

LongCastCheck (2026). Station-level verification of raw weather-model 2 m temperature forecasts: KSAT (San Antonio Intl), model pangu_ifs, lead day 1. Methodology version 0.2, schema version 0.1, data through 2026-08-30. Accessed 2026-08-31. https://castcheck.zifanzhang.com/station/KSAT/model/pangu_ifs/lead/1/

Accessed2026-08-31 (data through 2026-08-30; page built 2026-08-31T03:52:06+00:00)

JSON CSV all scores methodology v0.2 licence