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CastCheck methodology v0.2 · data through 2026-08-30

San Diego Lindbergh · GraphCast (GFS init) · lead day 1

KSAN · graphcast_gfs · lead 1

Target day = initialization date + 1 day. This page is a permanent link: the numbers change as history accumulates, the address and the methodology version do not.

Scores use the latest model version segment, GRAP_v100, starting 2026-08-28 — days before that ran a different version of the model and are excluded rather than silently pooled. Of the scored days, 1 carry a QC flag on the observation.

JSON for this page CSV of the daily errors Cite this page

Every number for this combination

All four windows × both initializations × both interpolations × both variables. Errors are computed in °C and shown in °F; CI is a 95 % moving-block bootstrap interval. MAE debiased and skill, debiased remove the constant offset of the window first, so a station that the model always reads a degree too warm is not scored as if it had no skill — compare the two skill columns to see how much of the error is a fixed offset. n QC next to n counts days whose observation carries a QC flag.

VariableInitMethod Windown MAE °F MAE debiased Bias °F RMSE °F ±1 °F±2 °F±3 °F Skill Skill, debiased Period
tmax00Zbilinear30d1 1 QC3.50 [3.50, 3.50]0.00-3.50 [-3.50, -3.50]3.50 [3.50, 3.50]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%+0.50—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Zbilinear90d1 1 QC3.50 [3.50, 3.50]0.00-3.50 [-3.50, -3.50]3.50 [3.50, 3.50]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%+0.50—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Zbilinear365d1 1 QC3.50 [3.50, 3.50]0.00-3.50 [-3.50, -3.50]3.50 [3.50, 3.50]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%+0.50—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Zbilinearall1 1 QC3.50 [3.50, 3.50]0.00-3.50 [-3.50, -3.50]3.50 [3.50, 3.50]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%+0.50—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearest30d1 1 QC4.95 [4.95, 4.95]0.00-4.95 [-4.95, -4.95]4.95 [4.95, 4.95]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%+0.29—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearest90d1 1 QC4.95 [4.95, 4.95]0.00-4.95 [-4.95, -4.95]4.95 [4.95, 4.95]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%+0.29—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearest365d1 1 QC4.95 [4.95, 4.95]0.00-4.95 [-4.95, -4.95]4.95 [4.95, 4.95]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%+0.29—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearestall1 1 QC4.95 [4.95, 4.95]0.00-4.95 [-4.95, -4.95]4.95 [4.95, 4.95]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%+0.29—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinear30d2 1 QC6.30 [4.11, 8.48]2.18-6.30 [-8.48, -4.11]6.67 [4.11, 8.48]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.26+0.562026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinear90d2 1 QC6.30 [4.11, 8.48]2.18-6.30 [-8.48, -4.11]6.67 [4.11, 8.48]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.26+0.562026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinear365d2 1 QC6.30 [4.11, 8.48]2.18-6.30 [-8.48, -4.11]6.67 [4.11, 8.48]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.26+0.562026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinearall2 1 QC6.30 [4.11, 8.48]2.18-6.30 [-8.48, -4.11]6.67 [4.11, 8.48]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.26+0.562026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearest30d2 1 QC8.18 [5.79, 10.56]2.39-8.18 [-10.56, -5.79]8.52 [5.79, 10.56]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.64+0.522026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearest90d2 1 QC8.18 [5.79, 10.56]2.39-8.18 [-10.56, -5.79]8.52 [5.79, 10.56]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.64+0.522026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearest365d2 1 QC8.18 [5.79, 10.56]2.39-8.18 [-10.56, -5.79]8.52 [5.79, 10.56]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.64+0.522026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearestall2 1 QC8.18 [5.79, 10.56]2.39-8.18 [-10.56, -5.79]8.52 [5.79, 10.56]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-0.64+0.522026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinear30d1 1 QC1.97 [1.97, 1.97]0.00-1.97 [-1.97, -1.97]1.97 [1.97, 1.97]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%——2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinear90d1 1 QC1.97 [1.97, 1.97]0.00-1.97 [-1.97, -1.97]1.97 [1.97, 1.97]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%——2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinear365d1 1 QC1.97 [1.97, 1.97]0.00-1.97 [-1.97, -1.97]1.97 [1.97, 1.97]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%——2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinearall1 1 QC1.97 [1.97, 1.97]0.00-1.97 [-1.97, -1.97]1.97 [1.97, 1.97]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%——2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearest30d1 1 QC1.58 [1.58, 1.58]0.00-1.58 [-1.58, -1.58]1.58 [1.58, 1.58]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%——2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearest90d1 1 QC1.58 [1.58, 1.58]0.00-1.58 [-1.58, -1.58]1.58 [1.58, 1.58]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%——2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearest365d1 1 QC1.58 [1.58, 1.58]0.00-1.58 [-1.58, -1.58]1.58 [1.58, 1.58]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%——2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearestall1 1 QC1.58 [1.58, 1.58]0.00-1.58 [-1.58, -1.58]1.58 [1.58, 1.58]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%——2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinear30d2 1 QC1.23 [0.02, 2.44]1.21-1.23 [-2.44, -0.02]1.72 [0.02, 2.44]50% [0%, 100%]50%100%——2026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinear90d2 1 QC1.23 [0.02, 2.44]1.21-1.23 [-2.44, -0.02]1.72 [0.02, 2.44]50% [0%, 100%]50%100%——2026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinear365d2 1 QC1.23 [0.02, 2.44]1.21-1.23 [-2.44, -0.02]1.72 [0.02, 2.44]50% [0%, 100%]50%100%——2026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinearall2 1 QC1.23 [0.02, 2.44]1.21-1.23 [-2.44, -0.02]1.72 [0.02, 2.44]50% [0%, 100%]50%100%——2026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearest30d2 1 QC1.13 [0.17, 2.09]1.13-0.96 [-2.09, 0.17]1.48 [0.17, 2.09]50% [0%, 100%]50%100%——2026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearest90d2 1 QC1.13 [0.17, 2.09]1.13-0.96 [-2.09, 0.17]1.48 [0.17, 2.09]50% [0%, 100%]50%100%——2026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearest365d2 1 QC1.13 [0.17, 2.09]1.13-0.96 [-2.09, 0.17]1.48 [0.17, 2.09]50% [0%, 100%]50%100%——2026-08-29 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearestall2 1 QC1.13 [0.17, 2.09]1.13-0.96 [-2.09, 0.17]1.48 [0.17, 2.09]50% [0%, 100%]50%100%——2026-08-29 → 2026-08-30

+ model too warm · − model too cold · bias interval includes zero · ★ lowest MAE · = not distinguishable from the leader · ▼ significantly worse · n < 30 greyed and unranked · CI is a 95 % moving-block bootstrap interval.

Daily error, last 90 days

Daily forecast minus observed error in °F for GraphCast (GFS init) at KSAN, lead day 1, 00Z bilinear tmax+5+2.50-2.5-52026-08-30: -3.5 °F2026-08-30°F, forecast − observed
Forecast − observed, °F, 00Z bilinear daily maximum. The dashed line is zero; the thick line is a centred 7-day mean, drawn only where the whole window is present. Gaps are days with no score, never interpolation. Hover a point for its date and value.
The same series as a table (1 days, newest first) · download CSV
Climatological dayError °F
2026-08-30-3.50

Error distribution

Distribution of the signed daily error in °F for GraphCast (GFS init) at KSAN, lead day 1-5 to -4.5 °F: 0 days-4.5 to -4 °F: 0 days-4 to -3.5 °F: 1 day-3.5 to -3 °F: 0 days-3 to -2.5 °F: 0 days-2.5 to -2 °F: 0 days-2 to -1.5 °F: 0 days-1.5 to -1 °F: 0 days-1 to -0.5 °F: 0 days-0.5 to 0 °F: 0 days0 to 0.5 °F: 0 days0.5 to 1 °F: 0 days1 to 1.5 °F: 0 days1.5 to 2 °F: 0 days2 to 2.5 °F: 0 days2.5 to 3 °F: 0 days3 to 3.5 °F: 0 days3.5 to 4 °F: 0 days4 to 4.5 °F: 0 days4.5 to 5 °F: 0 daysdashed: P50 |e| 3.5 · P90 |e| 3.5 °F-50+5 °Fn = 1 days
All scored days for 00Z bilinear daily maximum, 20 equal bins. The dashed marks are the 50th and 90th percentiles of the absolute error, mirrored on both sides. Hover a bar for its bin and count.
Bin counts as a table
From °FTo °FDays
-5.00-4.500
-4.50-4.000
-4.00-3.501
-3.50-3.000
-3.00-2.500
-2.50-2.000
-2.00-1.500
-1.50-1.000
-1.00-0.500
-0.50+0.000
+0.00+0.500
+0.50+1.000
+1.00+1.500
+1.50+2.000
+2.00+2.500
+2.50+3.000
+3.00+3.500
+3.50+4.000
+4.00+4.500
+4.50+5.000

Month by month

00Z bilinear daily maximum, newest first.

Monthn MAE °FBias °F
2026-0813.50 -3.50

Availability

ModelScored period DaysCoverage
GraphCast (GFS init)2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30 1
GraphCast (GFS init)2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30 1
GraphCast (GFS init)2026-08-29 → 2026-08-30 2
GraphCast (GFS init)2026-08-29 → 2026-08-30 2

Compared with other models

Paired bootstrap on the days both models cover (90d, 00Z, bilinear, daily maximum). Negative means GraphCast (GFS init) has the lower MAE. "Distinguishable" means the 95 % interval excludes zero.

Other modelCommon days MAE difference °FDistinguishable
ECMWF AIFS Single 1 +2.57 [2.57, 2.57] yes
Aurora (GFS init) 1 -0.56 [-0.56, -0.56] yes
Aurora (IFS init) 1 +0.29 [0.29, 0.29] yes
FourCastNet v2 (GFS init) 1 +2.96 [2.96, 2.96] yes
FourCastNet v2 (IFS init) 1 +3.35 [3.35, 3.35] yes
NCEP GFS 1 +1.98 [1.98, 1.98] yes
GraphCast (IFS init) 1 +0.79 [0.79, 0.79] yes
ECMWF IFS HRES 1 +0.04 [0.04, 0.04] yes
Pangu-Weather (GFS init) 1 -1.47 [-1.47, -1.47] yes
Pangu-Weather (IFS init) 1 -0.99 [-0.99, -0.99] yes
Persistence (baseline) 1 -3.50 [-3.50, -3.50] yes

Cite this page

ShortCastCheck, KSAN graphcast_gfs lead 1, methodology v0.2, accessed 2026-08-31, https://castcheck.zifanzhang.com/station/KSAN/model/graphcast_gfs/lead/1/

LongCastCheck (2026). Station-level verification of raw weather-model 2 m temperature forecasts: KSAN (San Diego Lindbergh), model graphcast_gfs, lead day 1. Methodology version 0.2, schema version 0.1, data through 2026-08-30. Accessed 2026-08-31. https://castcheck.zifanzhang.com/station/KSAN/model/graphcast_gfs/lead/1/

Accessed2026-08-31 (data through 2026-08-30; page built 2026-08-31T03:52:06+00:00)

JSON CSV all scores methodology v0.2 licence