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CastCheck methodology v0.2 · data through 2026-08-30

Miami Intl · Aurora (IFS init) · lead day 2

KMIA · aurora_ifs · lead 2

Target day = initialization date + 2 days. This page is a permanent link: the numbers change as history accumulates, the address and the methodology version do not.

Scores use the latest model version segment, AURO_v100, starting 2026-08-28 — days before that ran a different version of the model and are excluded rather than silently pooled. Of the scored days, 1 carry a QC flag on the observation.

JSON for this page CSV of the daily errors Cite this page

Every number for this combination

All four windows × both initializations × both interpolations × both variables. Errors are computed in °C and shown in °F; CI is a 95 % moving-block bootstrap interval. MAE debiased and skill, debiased remove the constant offset of the window first, so a station that the model always reads a degree too warm is not scored as if it had no skill — compare the two skill columns to see how much of the error is a fixed offset. n QC next to n counts days whose observation carries a QC flag.

VariableInitMethod Windown MAE °F MAE debiased Bias °F RMSE °F ±1 °F±2 °F±3 °F Skill Skill, debiased Period
tmax00Zbilinear30d1 1 QC6.86 [6.86, 6.86]0.00-6.86 [-6.86, -6.86]6.86 [6.86, 6.86]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.43—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Zbilinear90d1 1 QC6.86 [6.86, 6.86]0.00-6.86 [-6.86, -6.86]6.86 [6.86, 6.86]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.43—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Zbilinear365d1 1 QC6.86 [6.86, 6.86]0.00-6.86 [-6.86, -6.86]6.86 [6.86, 6.86]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.43—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Zbilinearall1 1 QC6.86 [6.86, 6.86]0.00-6.86 [-6.86, -6.86]6.86 [6.86, 6.86]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.43—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearest30d1 1 QC7.31 [7.31, 7.31]0.00-7.31 [-7.31, -7.31]7.31 [7.31, 7.31]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.65—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearest90d1 1 QC7.31 [7.31, 7.31]0.00-7.31 [-7.31, -7.31]7.31 [7.31, 7.31]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.65—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearest365d1 1 QC7.31 [7.31, 7.31]0.00-7.31 [-7.31, -7.31]7.31 [7.31, 7.31]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.65—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax00Znearestall1 1 QC7.31 [7.31, 7.31]0.00-7.31 [-7.31, -7.31]7.31 [7.31, 7.31]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.65—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinear30d1 1 QC6.81 [6.81, 6.81]0.00-6.81 [-6.81, -6.81]6.81 [6.81, 6.81]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.40—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinear90d1 1 QC6.81 [6.81, 6.81]0.00-6.81 [-6.81, -6.81]6.81 [6.81, 6.81]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.40—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinear365d1 1 QC6.81 [6.81, 6.81]0.00-6.81 [-6.81, -6.81]6.81 [6.81, 6.81]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.40—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Zbilinearall1 1 QC6.81 [6.81, 6.81]0.00-6.81 [-6.81, -6.81]6.81 [6.81, 6.81]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.40—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearest30d1 1 QC7.23 [7.23, 7.23]0.00-7.23 [-7.23, -7.23]7.23 [7.23, 7.23]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.62—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearest90d1 1 QC7.23 [7.23, 7.23]0.00-7.23 [-7.23, -7.23]7.23 [7.23, 7.23]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.62—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearest365d1 1 QC7.23 [7.23, 7.23]0.00-7.23 [-7.23, -7.23]7.23 [7.23, 7.23]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.62—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmax12Znearestall1 1 QC7.23 [7.23, 7.23]0.00-7.23 [-7.23, -7.23]7.23 [7.23, 7.23]0% [0%, 0%]0%0%-2.62—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinear30d1 1 QC1.72 [1.72, 1.72]0.00-1.72 [-1.72, -1.72]1.72 [1.72, 1.72]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%-0.72—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinear90d1 1 QC1.72 [1.72, 1.72]0.00-1.72 [-1.72, -1.72]1.72 [1.72, 1.72]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%-0.72—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinear365d1 1 QC1.72 [1.72, 1.72]0.00-1.72 [-1.72, -1.72]1.72 [1.72, 1.72]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%-0.72—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Zbilinearall1 1 QC1.72 [1.72, 1.72]0.00-1.72 [-1.72, -1.72]1.72 [1.72, 1.72]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%-0.72—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearest30d1 1 QC0.84 [0.84, 0.84]0.00-0.84 [-0.84, -0.84]0.84 [0.84, 0.84]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.16—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearest90d1 1 QC0.84 [0.84, 0.84]0.00-0.84 [-0.84, -0.84]0.84 [0.84, 0.84]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.16—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearest365d1 1 QC0.84 [0.84, 0.84]0.00-0.84 [-0.84, -0.84]0.84 [0.84, 0.84]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.16—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin00Znearestall1 1 QC0.84 [0.84, 0.84]0.00-0.84 [-0.84, -0.84]0.84 [0.84, 0.84]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.16—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinear30d1 1 QC1.56 [1.56, 1.56]0.00-1.56 [-1.56, -1.56]1.56 [1.56, 1.56]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%-0.56—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinear90d1 1 QC1.56 [1.56, 1.56]0.00-1.56 [-1.56, -1.56]1.56 [1.56, 1.56]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%-0.56—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinear365d1 1 QC1.56 [1.56, 1.56]0.00-1.56 [-1.56, -1.56]1.56 [1.56, 1.56]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%-0.56—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Zbilinearall1 1 QC1.56 [1.56, 1.56]0.00-1.56 [-1.56, -1.56]1.56 [1.56, 1.56]0% [0%, 0%]100%100%-0.56—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearest30d1 1 QC0.59 [0.59, 0.59]0.00-0.59 [-0.59, -0.59]0.59 [0.59, 0.59]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.41—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearest90d1 1 QC0.59 [0.59, 0.59]0.00-0.59 [-0.59, -0.59]0.59 [0.59, 0.59]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.41—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearest365d1 1 QC0.59 [0.59, 0.59]0.00-0.59 [-0.59, -0.59]0.59 [0.59, 0.59]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.41—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30
tmin12Znearestall1 1 QC0.59 [0.59, 0.59]0.00-0.59 [-0.59, -0.59]0.59 [0.59, 0.59]100% [100%, 100%]100%100%+0.41—2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30

+ model too warm · − model too cold · bias interval includes zero · ★ lowest MAE · = not distinguishable from the leader · ▼ significantly worse · n < 30 greyed and unranked · CI is a 95 % moving-block bootstrap interval.

Daily error, last 90 days

Daily forecast minus observed error in °F for Aurora (IFS init) at KMIA, lead day 2, 00Z bilinear tmax+10+50-5-102026-08-30: -6.86 °F2026-08-30°F, forecast − observed
Forecast − observed, °F, 00Z bilinear daily maximum. The dashed line is zero; the thick line is a centred 7-day mean, drawn only where the whole window is present. Gaps are days with no score, never interpolation. Hover a point for its date and value.
The same series as a table (1 days, newest first) · download CSV
Climatological dayError °F
2026-08-30-6.86

Error distribution

Distribution of the signed daily error in °F for Aurora (IFS init) at KMIA, lead day 2-10 to -9 °F: 0 days-9 to -8 °F: 0 days-8 to -7 °F: 0 days-7 to -6 °F: 1 day-6 to -5 °F: 0 days-5 to -4 °F: 0 days-4 to -3 °F: 0 days-3 to -2 °F: 0 days-2 to -1 °F: 0 days-1 to 0 °F: 0 days0 to 1 °F: 0 days1 to 2 °F: 0 days2 to 3 °F: 0 days3 to 4 °F: 0 days4 to 5 °F: 0 days5 to 6 °F: 0 days6 to 7 °F: 0 days7 to 8 °F: 0 days8 to 9 °F: 0 days9 to 10 °F: 0 daysdashed: P50 |e| 6.86 · P90 |e| 6.86 °F-100+10 °Fn = 1 days
All scored days for 00Z bilinear daily maximum, 20 equal bins. The dashed marks are the 50th and 90th percentiles of the absolute error, mirrored on both sides. Hover a bar for its bin and count.
Bin counts as a table
From °FTo °FDays
-10.00-9.000
-9.00-8.000
-8.00-7.000
-7.00-6.001
-6.00-5.000
-5.00-4.000
-4.00-3.000
-3.00-2.000
-2.00-1.000
-1.00+0.000
+0.00+1.000
+1.00+2.000
+2.00+3.000
+3.00+4.000
+4.00+5.000
+5.00+6.000
+6.00+7.000
+7.00+8.000
+8.00+9.000
+9.00+10.000

Month by month

00Z bilinear daily maximum, newest first.

Monthn MAE °FBias °F
2026-0816.86 -6.86

Availability

ModelScored period DaysCoverage
Aurora (IFS init)2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30 1
Aurora (IFS init)2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30 1
Aurora (IFS init)2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30 1
Aurora (IFS init)2026-08-30 → 2026-08-30 1

Compared with other models

Paired bootstrap on the days both models cover (90d, 00Z, bilinear, daily maximum). Negative means Aurora (IFS init) has the lower MAE. "Distinguishable" means the 95 % interval excludes zero.

Other modelCommon days MAE difference °FDistinguishable
ECMWF AIFS Single 1 +0.87 [0.87, 0.87] yes
FourCastNet v2 (IFS init) 1 +1.60 [1.60, 1.60] yes
NCEP GFS 1 +6.68 [6.68, 6.68] yes
GraphCast (IFS init) 1 -0.37 [-0.37, -0.37] yes
ECMWF IFS HRES 1 +0.18 [0.18, 0.18] yes
Pangu-Weather (IFS init) 1 -0.26 [-0.26, -0.26] yes
Persistence (baseline) 1 +4.86 [4.86, 4.86] yes

Cite this page

ShortCastCheck, KMIA aurora_ifs lead 2, methodology v0.2, accessed 2026-08-31, https://castcheck.zifanzhang.com/station/KMIA/model/aurora_ifs/lead/2/

LongCastCheck (2026). Station-level verification of raw weather-model 2 m temperature forecasts: KMIA (Miami Intl), model aurora_ifs, lead day 2. Methodology version 0.2, schema version 0.1, data through 2026-08-30. Accessed 2026-08-31. https://castcheck.zifanzhang.com/station/KMIA/model/aurora_ifs/lead/2/

Accessed2026-08-31 (data through 2026-08-30; page built 2026-08-31T03:52:06+00:00)

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